We introduce and discuss a new class of (multivalued analytic) transcendental functions which still share with algebraic functions the property that the number of their isolated zeros can be explicitly counted. On the other hand, this class is sufficiently rich to include all periods (integral of rational forms over algebraic cycles).

For a Fuchsian system $dY/dx=({\sum }_{j=}^p\left(A_j\right)/(x-t_j))Y$, (F) $t₁,t₂,...,t_p$ being distinct points in ℂ and $A₁,A₂,...,A_p\in M(n\times n;ℂ)$, the number α of accessory parameters is determined by the spectral types $s\left(A₀\right),s\left(A₁\right),...,s\left(A_p\right)$, where $A₀=-{\sum }_{j=1}^p{A}_j$. We call the set $z=(z₁,z₂,...,z_{\alpha })$ of α parameters a regular coordinate if all entries of the $A_j$ are rational functions in z. It is not yet known that, for any irreducibly realizable set of spectral types, a regular coordinate does exist. In this paper we study a process of obtaining a new regular coordinate from a given one by a coalescence of eigenvalues of the matrices...

On peut construire facilement des exemples de connexions plates de rang $2$ sur ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ comme tirés en arrière de connexions sur ${\mathbb{P}}^1$. On donne un exemple de connexion qui ne peut être obtenue de cette manière. Cet exemple est construit à partir d’une solution algébrique de l’équation de Painlevé VI. On en déduit un feuilletage modulaire. La preuve de ce fait repose sur la classification des feuilletages sur les surfaces projectives par leurs dimensions de Kodaira, fruit du travail de Brunella, McQuillan et...