Čech homology for movable compacta
A bottleneck in a dendroid is a continuum that intersects every arc connecting two non-empty open sets. Piotr Minc proved that every dendroid contains a point, which we call a center, contained in arbitrarily small bottlenecks. We study the effect that the set of centers in a dendroid has on its structure. We find that the set of centers is arc connected, that a dendroid with only one center has uncountably many arc components in the complement of the center, and that, in this case, every open set...
We prove that a continuum X is tree-like (resp. circle-like, chainable) if and only if for each open cover 𝓤₄ = {U₁,U₂,U₃,U₄} of X there is a 𝓤₄-map f: X → Y onto a tree (resp. onto the circle, onto the interval). A continuum X is an acyclic curve if and only if for each open cover 𝓤₃ = {U₁,U₂,U₃} of X there is a 𝓤₃-map f: X → Y onto a tree (or the interval [0,1]).
We show that each of the classes of hereditarily locally connected, finitely Suslinian, and Suslinian continua is Π₁¹-complete, while the class of regular continua is Π₀⁴-complete.
The body of this paper falls into two independent sections. The first deals with the existence of cross-sections in -decompositions. The second deals with the extensions of the results on accessibility in the plane.
The horseshoe or bucket handle continuum, defined as the inverse limit of the tent map, is one of the standard examples in continua theory as well as in dynamical systems. It is not arcwise connected. Its arcwise components coincide with composants, and with unstable manifolds in the dynamical setting. Knaster asked whether these composants are all homeomorphic, with the obvious exception of the zero composant. Partial results were obtained by Bellamy (1979), Dębski and Tymchatyn (1987), and Aarts...