Trees and monotone structures.
The class of ultrasmooth dendroids is contained in the class of smooth dendroids and contains the class of locally connected dendroids. In this paper we study relationships between ultrasmoothness and smoothness in dendroids and we characterize ultrasmooth dendroids.
We define a dendrite which is universal in the class of all completely regular dendrites with order of points not greater than n. In particular, the dendrite is universal in the class of all completely regular dendrites. The construction starts with the standard universal dendrite of order n described by J. J. Charatonik.
We study compactifications of a ray with remainder a simple closed curve. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a bijective (resp. surjective) mapping between two such continua. Using those conditions we present a simple proof of the existence of an uncountable family of plane continua no one of which can be continuously mapped onto any other (the first such family, so called Waraszkiewicz's spirals, was created by Z. Waraszkiewicz in the 1930's).