In this paper, we show how certain “stability phenomena” in unpointed model categories provide the sets of homotopy classes with a canonical structure of an abelian heap, i.e. an abelian group without a choice of a zero. In contrast with the classical situation of stable (pointed) model categories, these sets can be empty.
Using the algebraic theory of homotopies between maps of dga's we obtain a homotopy theory for algebraic structures defined by collections of multiplications and comultiplications. This is done by expressing these structures and resolved versions of them in terms of dga maps. This same homotopy theory of dga maps applies to extract invariants beyond homological periods from systems of moduli spaces that determine systems of chains that satisfy master equations like dX + X*X = 0. Minimal models of...