We study/construct (proper and non-proper) Morse functions f on complete Riemannian manifolds X such that the hypersurfaces f(x) = t for all −∞ < t < +∞ have positive mean curvatures at all non-critical points x ∈ X of f. We show, for instance, that if X admits no such (not necessarily proper) function, then it contains a (possibly, singular) complete (possibly, compact) minimal hypersurface of finite volume.
The solution manifold M of the equation ⎯φ + gφ3 = 0 in Minkowski space is studied from the standpoint of the establishment of differential-geometric structures therein. It is shown that there is an almost Kähler structure globally defined on M that is Poincaré invariant. In the vanishing curvature case g = 0 the structure obtained coincides with the complex Hilbert structure in the solution manifold of the real wave equation. The proofs are based on the transfer of the equation to an ambient universal...