Halbgruppen und Automaten
Let be the following algorithmic problem: Given a finite simplicial complex of dimension at most , does there exist a (piecewise linear) embedding of into ? Known results easily imply polynomiality of (; the case is graph planarity) and of for all . We show that the celebrated result of Novikov on the algorithmic unsolvability of recognizing the 5-sphere implies that and are undecidable for each . Our main result is NP-hardness of and, more generally, of for all , with...
A total-colored path is total rainbow if both its edges and internal vertices have distinct colors. The total rainbow connection number of a connected graph G, denoted by trc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in a total-coloring of G in order to make G total rainbow connected, that is, any two vertices of G are connected by a total rainbow path. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of total rainbow connection of graphs. We show that deciding whether a given total-coloring...
The notion of treewidth is of considerable interest in relation to NP-hard problems. Indeed, several studies have shown that the tree-decomposition method can be used to solve many basic optimization problems in polynomial time when treewidth is bounded, even if, for arbitrary graphs, computing the treewidth is NP-hard. Several papers present heuristics with computational experiments. For many graphs the discrepancy between the heuristic results and the best lower bounds is still very large. The...
The notion of treewidth is of considerable interest in relation to NP-hard problems. Indeed, several studies have shown that the tree-decomposition method can be used to solve many basic optimization problems in polynomial time when treewidth is bounded, even if, for arbitrary graphs, computing the treewidth is NP-hard. Several papers present heuristics with computational experiments. For many graphs the discrepancy between the heuristic results and the best lower bounds is still very large....
We discuss some known and introduce some new hierarchies and reducibilities on regular languages, with the emphasis on the quantifier-alternation and difference hierarchies of the quasi-aperiodic languages. The non-collapse of these hierarchies and decidability of some levels are established. Complete sets in the levels of the hierarchies under the polylogtime and some quantifier-free reducibilities are found. Some facts about the corresponding degree structures are established. As an application,...
We discuss some known and introduce some new hierarchies and reducibilities on regular languages, with the emphasis on the quantifier-alternation and difference hierarchies of the quasi-aperiodic languages. The non-collapse of these hierarchies and decidability of some levels are established. Complete sets in the levels of the hierarchies under the polylogtime and some quantifier-free reducibilities are found. Some facts about the corresponding degree structures are established. As an application, we...
It is known that the weakly monotone restarting automata accept exactly the growing context-sensitive languages. We introduce a measure on the degree of weak monotonicity and show that the language classes obtained in this way form strict hierarchies for the various types of deterministic and nondeterministic restarting automata without auxiliary symbols.
It is known that the weakly monotone restarting automata accept exactly the growing context-sensitive languages. We introduce a measure on the degree of weak monotonicity and show that the language classes obtained in this way form strict hierarchies for the various types of deterministic and nondeterministic restarting automata without auxiliary symbols.
We show that many classical decision problems about 1-counter ω-languages, context free ω-languages, or infinitary rational relations, are Π½ -complete, hence located at the second level of the analytical hierarchy, and “highly undecidable”. In particular, the universality problem, the inclusion problem, the equivalence problem, the determinizability problem, the complementability problem, and the unambiguity problem are all Π½ -complete for context-free ω-languages or for infinitary rational...