Statistical Solutions of PDEs by Nonstandard Densities.
Statistical testing procedure for lengths of formalized proofs
Statistical theory of logical derivability
Steinitz' exchange theorem for infinite bases
Stochastic fuzzy differential equations with an application
In this paper we present the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the stochastic fuzzy differential equations driven by Brownian motion. The continuous dependence on initial condition and stability properties are also established. As an example of application we use some stochastic fuzzy differential equation in a model of population dynamics.
Stone Lattices
The article continues the formalization of the lattice theory (as structures with two binary operations, not in terms of ordering relations). In the paper, the notion of a pseudocomplement in a lattice is formally introduced in Mizar, and based on this we define the notion of the skeleton and the set of dense elements in a pseudocomplemented lattice, giving the meet-decomposition of arbitrary element of a lattice as the infimum of two elements: one belonging to the skeleton, and the other which...
Stranger things about forcing without AC
Typically, set theorists reason about forcing constructions in the context of Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory (ZFC). We show that without the axiom of choice (AC), several simple properties of forcing posets fail to hold, one of which answers Miller's question from the work: Arnold W. Miller, {Long Borel hierarchies}, MLQ Math. Log. Q. {54} (2008), no. 3, 307--322.
String Matching And Algorithmic Problems In Free Groups.
Strolling through paradise
Strong categoricity.
Strong compactness, measurability, and the class of supercompact cardinals
We prove two theorems concerning strong compactness, measurability, and the class of supercompact cardinals. We begin by showing, relative to the appropriate hypotheses, that it is consistent non-trivially for every supercompact cardinal to be the limit of (non-supercompact) strongly compact cardinals. We then show, relative to the existence of a non-trivial (proper or improper) class of supercompact cardinals, that it is possible to have a model with the same class of supercompact cardinals in...
Strong completeness of the Lambek Calculus with respect to Relational Semantics
In [vB88], Johan van Benthem introduces Relational Semantics (RelSem for short), and states Soundness Theorem for Lambek Calculus (LC) w.r.t. RelSem. After doing this, he writes: "it would be very interesting to have the converse too", i.e., to have Completeness Theorem. The same question is in [vB91, p. 235]. In the following, we state Strong Completeness Theorems for different versions of LC.
Strong covering without squares
Let W be an inner model of ZFC. Let κ be a cardinal in V. We say that κ-covering holds between V and W iff for all X ∈ V with X ⊆ ON and V ⊨ |X| < κ, there exists Y ∈ W such that X ⊆ Y ⊆ ON and V ⊨ |Y| < κ. Strong κ-covering holds between V and W iff for every structure M ∈ V for some countable first-order language whose underlying set is some ordinal λ, and every X ∈ V with X ⊆ λ and V ⊨ |X| < κ, there is Y ∈ W such that X ⊆ Y ≺ M and V ⊨ |Y| < κ. We prove that if κ is V-regular,...
Strong decomposability of ultrafilters on cardinals with countable cofinality
Strong endomorphism kernel property for finite Brouwerian semilattices and relative Stone algebras
We show that all finite Brouwerian semilattices have strong endomorphism kernel property (SEKP), give a new proof that all finite relative Stone algebras have SEKP and also fully characterize dual generalized Boolean algebras which possess SEKP.
Strong Fubini axioms from measure extension axioms
It is shown that measure extension axioms imply various forms of the Fubini theorem for nonmeasurable sets and functions in Radon measure spaces.
Strong Fubini properties for measure and category
Let (FP) abbreviate the statement that holds for every bounded function f: [0,1]² → ℝ whenever each of the integrals involved exists. We shall denote by (SFP) the statement that the equality above holds for every bounded function f: [0,1]² → ℝ having measurable vertical and horizontal sections. It follows from well-known results that both of (FP) and (SFP) are independent of the axioms of ZFC. We investigate the logical connections of these statements with several other strong Fubini type properties...
Strong Fubini properties of ideals
Let I and J be σ-ideals on Polish spaces X and Y, respectively. We say that the pair ⟨I,J⟩ has the Strong Fubini Property (SFP) if for every set D ⊆ X× Y with measurable sections, if all its sections are in J, then the sections are in I for every y outside a set from J (“measurable" means being a member of the σ-algebra of Borel sets modulo sets from the respective σ-ideal). We study the question of which pairs of σ-ideals have the Strong Fubini Property. Since CH excludes this phenomenon completely,...
Strong functors and interleaving fixpoints in game semantics
We describe a sequent calculus μLJ with primitives for inductive and coinductive datatypes and equip it with reduction rules allowing a sound translation of Gödel’s system T. We introduce the notion of a μ-closed category, relying on a uniform interpretation of open μLJ formulas as strong functors. We show that any μ-closed category is a sound model for μLJ. We then turn to the construction of a concrete μ-closed category based on Hyland-Ong game semantics. The model relies on three main ingredients:...
Strong ideals and horizontal ideals in pseudo-BCH-algebras
In this paper we define strong ideals and horizontal ideals in pseudo-BCH-algebras and investigate the properties and characterizations of them.