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In this note we first define the notions of (weak, strong) implicative hyper -algebras. Then we show by examples that these notions are different. After that we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationship between these notions and (weak) hyper -ideals. Also we obtain some relations between these notions and (weak) implicative hyper -ideals. Finally, we study the implicative hyper -algebras of order 3, in particular we obtain a relationship between the positive implicative...
Image denoising is a fundamental problem in image processing operations. In this paper, we present a two-phase scheme for the impulse noise removal. In the first phase, noise candidates are identified by the adaptive median filter (AMF) for salt-and-pepper noise. In the second phase, a new hybrid conjugate gradient method is used to minimize an edge-preserving regularization functional. The second phase of our algorithm inherits advantages of both Dai-Yuan (DY) and Hager-Zhang (HZ) conjugate gradient...
We consider four notions of strong inaccessibility that are equivalent in ZFC and show that they are not equivalent in ZF.
In this paper, we define the set of incomparable elements with respect to the triangular order for any t-norm on a bounded lattice. By means of the triangular order, an equivalence relation on the class of t-norms on a bounded lattice is defined and this equivalence is deeply investigated. Finally, we discuss some properties of this equivalence.
We answer several questions of D. Monk by showing that every maximal family of pairwise incomparable elements of 𝒫(ω)/fin has size continuum, while it is consistent with the negation of the Continuum Hypothesis that there are maximal subtrees of both 𝒫(ω) and 𝒫(ω)/fin of size ω₁.
A Banach space contains either a minimal subspace or a continuum of incomparable subspaces. General structure results for analytic equivalence relations are applied in the context of Banach spaces to show that if E₀ does not reduce to isomorphism of the subspaces of a space, in particular, if the subspaces of the space admit a classification up to isomorphism by real numbers, then any subspace with an unconditional basis is isomorphic to its square and hyperplanes, and the unconditional basis has...
Foreman (2013) proved a Duality Theorem which gives an algebraic characterization of certain ideal quotients in generic extensions. As an application he proved that generic supercompactness of ω₁ is preserved by any proper forcing. We generalize portions of Foreman's Duality Theorem to the context of generic extender embeddings and ideal extenders (as introduced by Claverie (2010)). As an application we prove that if ω₁ is generically strong, then it remains so after adding any number of Cohen subsets...
We show the relative consistency of the existence of two strongly compact cardinals κ₁ and κ₂ which exhibit indestructibility properties for their strong compactness, together with level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holding at all measurable cardinals except for κ₁. In the model constructed, κ₁'s strong compactness is indestructible under arbitrary κ₁-directed closed forcing, κ₁ is a limit of measurable cardinals, κ₂'s strong compactness is indestructible...
We construct a model in which there is a strong cardinal κ whose strongness is indestructible under κ-strategically closed forcing and in which level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holds non-trivially.
We show that if a colouring c establishes ω₂ ↛ [(ω₁:ω)]² then c establishes this negative partition relation in each Cohen-generic extension of the ground model, i.e. this property of c is Cohen-indestructible. This result yields a negative answer to a question of Erdős and Hajnal: it is consistent that GCH holds and there is a colouring c:[ω₂]² → 2 establishing ω₂ ↛ [(ω₁:ω)]₂ such that some colouring g:[ω₁]² → 2 does not embed into c.
It is also consistent that is arbitrarily large, and there...
We construct a model for the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness with an arbitrary large cardinal structure in which the least supercompact cardinal κ has its strong compactness indestructible under κ-directed closed forcing. This is in analogy to and generalizes the author's result in Arch. Math. Logic 46 (2007), but without the restriction that no cardinal is supercompact up to an inaccessible cardinal.
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