On the Difference Between Consecutive Primes.
We study the relations between several notions of dimension for an additive set, some of which are well-known and some of which are more recent, appearing for instance in work of Schoen and Shkredov. We obtain bounds for the ratios between these dimensions by improving an inequality of Lev and Yuster, and we show that these bounds are asymptotically sharp, using in particular the existence of large dissociated subsets of {0,1}ⁿ ⊂ ℤⁿ.
Let be an odd prime. By using the elementary methods we prove that: (1) if , the Diophantine equation has no positive integer solution except when or is of the form , where is an odd positive integer. (2) if , , then the Diophantine equation has no positive integer solution.