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The geometry of second-order systems of ordinary differential equations represented by -connections on the trivial bundle is studied. The formalism used, being completely utilizable within the framework of more general situations (partial equations), turns out to be of interest in confrontation with a traditional approach (semisprays), moreover, it amounts to certain new ideas and results. The paper is aimed at discussion on the interrelations between all types of connections having to do with...
We compute cohomology spaces of Lie algebras that describe differential invariants of third order ordinary differential equations. We prove that the algebra of all differential invariants is generated by 2 tensorial invariants of order 2, one invariant of order 3 and one invariant of order 4. The main computational tool is a Serre-Hochschild spectral sequence and the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras. We compute differential invariants up to degree 2 as application.
We prove Gronwall-type estimates for the distance of integral curves of smooth vector fields on a Riemannian manifold. Such estimates are of central importance for all methods of solving ODEs in a verified way, i.e., with full control of roundoff errors. Our results may therefore be seen as a prerequisite for the generalization of such methods to the setting of Riemannian manifolds.
The main goal of the present work is a generalization of the ideas, constructions and results from the first and second-order situation, studied in [63], [64] to that of an arbitrary finite-order one. Moreover, the investigation extends the ideas of [65] from the one-dimensional base X corresponding to O.D.E.
The concept of homogeneity, which picks out sprays from the general run of systems of second-order ordinary differential equations in the geometrical theory of such equations, is generalized so as to apply to equations of higher order. Certain properties of the geometric concomitants of a spray are shown to continue to hold for higher-order systems. Third-order equations play a special role, because a strong form of homogeneity may apply to them. The key example of a single third-order equation...
The heat kernel of a Sturm-Liouville operator with logarithmic potential can be described by using the Wiener integral associated with a real hyperplane arrangement. The heat kernel satisfies an infinite-dimensional analog of the Gauss-Manin connection (integrable system), generalizing a variational formula of Schläfli for the volume of a simplex in the space of constant curvature.
We consider a motion of spiral-shaped piecewise linear curves governed by a crystalline curvature flow with a driving force and a tip motion which is a simple model of a step motion of a crystal surface. We extend our previous result on global existence of a spiral-shaped solution to a linear crystalline motion for a power type nonlinear crystalline motion with a given rotating tip motion. We show that self-intersection of the solution curves never occurs and also show that facet extinction never...
Une classification complète des stabilisateurs coadjoints du groupe de Bott-Virasoro est obtenue par une méthode essentiellement géométrique. L’outil de base est le nombre de rotation d’un difféomorphisme du cercle. En particulier, nous mettons en évidence la présence de groupes d’isotropie non-connexes et montrons que la transformation de Miura des opérateurs de Hill peut s’interpréter comme une application moment sur l’espace des structures affines du cercle.
A complete solution of an implicit second order ordinary differential equation is defined by an immersive two-parameter family of geometric solutions on the equation hypersurface. We show that a completely integrable equation is either of Clairaut type or of first order type. Moreover, we define a complete singular solution, an immersive one-parameter family of singular solutions on the contact singular set. We give conditions for existence of a complete solution and a complete singular solution...
We see how the first jet bundle of curves into affine space can be realized as a homogeneous space of the Galilean group. Cartan connections with this model are precisely the geometric structure of second-order ordinary differential equations under time-preserving transformations - sometimes called KCC-theory. With certain regularity conditions, we show that any such Cartan connection induces “laboratory” coordinate systems, and the geodesic equations in this coordinates form a system of second-order...
Let (P,ω) be a symplectic manifold. We find an integrability condition for an implicit differential system D' which is formed by a Lagrangian submanifold in the canonical symplectic tangent bundle (TP,ὡ).
Given a vector field X on an algebraic variety V over ℂ, I compare the following two objects: (i) the envelope of X, the smallest algebraic pseudogroup over V whose Lie algebra contains X, and (ii) the Galois pseudogroup of the foliation defined by the vector field X + d/dt (restricted to one fibre t = constant). I show that either they are equal, or the second has codimension one in the first.
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