Let $I$ be a semi-prime ideal. Then $P_{\circ }\in Min\left(I\right)$ is called irredundant with respect to $I$ if $I\ne {\bigcap }_{P_{\circ }\ne P\in Min\left(I\right)}P$. If $I$ is the intersection of all irredundant ideals with respect to $I$, it is called a fixed-place ideal. If there are no irredundant ideals with respect to $I$, it is called an anti fixed-place ideal. We show that each semi-prime ideal has a unique representation as an intersection of a fixed-place ideal and an anti fixed-place ideal. We say the point $p\in \beta X$ is a fixed-place point if $O^p\left(X\right)$ is a fixed-place ideal. In this situation...

“The kernel functor” $W\stackrel{k}{\to }LFrm$ from the category $W$ of archimedean lattice-ordered groups with distinguished weak unit onto LFrm, of Lindelöf completely regular frames, preserves and reflects monics. In $W$, monics are one-to-one, but not necessarily so in LFrm. An embedding $\varphi \in W$ for which $k\varphi$ is one-to-one is termed kernel-injective, or KI; these are the topic of this paper. The situation is contrasted with kernel-surjective and -preserving (KS and KP). The $W$-objects every embedding of which is KI are characterized;...

Let $X$ be a zero-dimensional space and $C_c\left(X\right)$ be the set of all continuous real valued functions on $X$ with countable image. In this article we denote by $C_c^K\left(X\right)$ (resp., $C_c^{\psi }\left(X\right))$ the set of all functions in $C_c\left(X\right)$ with compact (resp., pseudocompact) support. First, we observe that $C_c^K\left(X\right)=O_c^{{\beta }_{0}X\setminus X}$ (resp., $C_c^{\psi }\left(X\right)=M_c^{{\beta }_{0}X\setminus {\upsilon }_{0}X}$), where ${\beta }_{0}X$ is the Banaschewski compactification of $X$ and ${\upsilon }_{0}X$ is the $\mathbb{N}$-compactification of $X$. This implies that for an $\mathbb{N}$-compact space $X$, the intersection of all free maximal ideals in $C_c\left(X\right)$ is equal to $C_c^K\left(X\right)$, i.e., $M_c^{{\beta }_{0}X\setminus X}=C_c^K\left(X\right)$. By applying methods of functionally...

The aim of the present paper is to study Hopfian and Co-Hopfian objects in categories like the category of rings, the module categories A-mod and mod-A for any ring A. Using Stone's representation theorem any Boolean ring can be regarded as the ring A of clopen subsets of compact Hausdorff totally disconnected space X. It turns out that the Boolean ring A will be Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) if and only if the space X is co-Hopfian (resp. Hopfian) in the category Top. For any compact Hausdorff space...

Let $𝒵\left(ℛ\right)$ be the set of zero divisor elements of a commutative ring $R$ with identity and $ℳ$ be the space of minimal prime ideals of $R$ with Zariski topology. An ideal $I$ of $R$ is called strongly dense ideal or briefly $sd$-ideal if $I\subseteq 𝒵\left(ℛ\right)$ and $I$ is contained in no minimal prime ideal. We denote by $R_K\left(ℳ\right)$, the set of all $a\in R$ for which $\overline{D\left(a\right)}=\overline{ℳ\setminus V\left(a\right)}$ is compact. We show that $R$ has property $\left(A\right)$ and $ℳ$ is compact if and only if $R$ has no $sd$-ideal. It is proved that $R_K\left(ℳ\right)$ is an essential ideal (resp., $sd$-ideal) if and only if $ℳ$ is an almost locally compact...

A space $X$ is called $\mu$-compact by M. Mandelker if the intersection of all free maximal ideals of $C\left(X\right)$ coincides with the ring $C_K\left(X\right)$ of all functions in $C\left(X\right)$ with compact support. In this paper we introduce $\phi$-compact and ${\phi }^{\text{'}}$-compact spaces and we show that a space is $\mu$-compact if and only if it is both $\phi$-compact and ${\phi }^{\text{'}}$-compact. We also establish that every space $X$ admits a $\phi$-compactification and a ${\phi }^{\text{'}}$-compactification. Examples and counterexamples are given.

For a Tychonoff space $X$, $C\left(X\right)$ is the lattice-ordered group ($l$-group) of real-valued continuous functions on $X$, and $C^{*}\left(X\right)$ is the sub-$l$-group of bounded functions. A property that $X$ might have is (AP) whenever $G$ is a divisible sub-$l$-group of $C^{*}\left(X\right)$, containing the constant function 1, and separating points from closed sets in $X$, then any function in $C\left(X\right)$ can be approximated uniformly over $X$ by functions which are locally in $G$. The vector lattice version of the Stone-Weierstrass Theorem is more-or-less equivalent...