Důchod invalidní. [I.]
In actuarial practice the credibility models must face the problem of outliers and missing observations. If using the -estimation principle from robust statistics in combination with Kalman filtering one obtains the solution of this problem that is acceptable in the numerical framework of the practical actuarial credibility. The credibility models are classified as static and dynamic in this paper and the shrinkage is used for the final ratemaking.
This paper proposes a general framework to compare the strength of the dependence in survival models, as time changes, i. e. given remaining lifetimes , to compare the dependence of given , and given , where . More precisely, analytical results will be obtained in the case the survival copula of is either Archimedean or a distorted copula. The case of a frailty based model will also be discussed in details.
We model a market with multiple liquidity takers and a single market maker maximizing his discounted consumption while keeping a prescribed probability of bankruptcy. We show that, given this setting, spread and price bias (a difference between the midpoint- and the expected fair price) depend solely on the MM's inventory and his uncertainty concerning the fair price. Tested on ten-second data from ten US electronic markets, our model gives significant results with the price bias decreasing in the...
The slope shape is replaced by a 3D regression function which corresponds with high precision to the position of several hundred points which were determined on the surface of the slope body. The position of several points was repeatedly measured for several years. The time changes in the position of these points were used to create regression functions that describe vertical movements, slope settlement and horizontal movements, slope movement. The model results are presented in the form of mathematical...