This paper is a proceedings version of the ongoing work [20], and has been the object of the talk of the second author at Journées EDP in 2012. In this work we investigate optimal observability properties for wave and Schrödinger equations considered in a bounded open set $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^n$, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The observation is done on a subset $\omega$ of Lebesgue measure $\left|\omega \right|=L\left|\Omega \right|$, where $L\in (0,1)$ is fixed. We denote...

We consider the 3D quantum BBGKY hierarchy which corresponds to the $N$-particle Schrödinger equation. We assume the pair interaction is $N^{3\beta –1}V\left(B^{\beta }\right)$. For the interaction parameter $\beta \in (0,2/3)$, we prove that, provided an energy bound holds for solutions to the BBKGY hierarchy, the $N\to \infty$ limit points satisfy the space-time bound conjectured by S. Klainerman and M. Machedon [45] in 2008. The energy bound was proven to hold for $\beta \in (0,3/5)$ in [28]. This allows, in the case $\beta \in (0,3/5)$, for the application of the Klainerman–Machedon...

We consider the Schrödinger operator $-\Delta +V\left(x\right)$ on $H_0^1\left(\Omega \right)$, where $\Omega$ is a given domain of ${ℝ}^d$. Our goal is to study some optimization problems where an optimal potential $V\ge 0$ has to be determined in some suitable admissible classes and for some suitable optimization criteria, like the energy or the Dirichlet eigenvalues.

We recount here some preliminary attempts to devise quantum analogues of certain aspects of Mather’s theory of minimizing measures [M1-2, M-F], augmented by the PDE theory from Fathi [F1,2] and from [E-G1]. This earlier work provides us with a Lipschitz continuous function $u$ solving the eikonal equation aėȧnd a probability measure $\sigma$ solving a related transport equation. We present some elementary formal identities relating certain quantum states $\psi$ and $u,\sigma$. We show also how...

Let X be a closed subspace of $L^p\left(\mu \right)$, where μ is an arbitrary measure and 1 < p < ∞. Let U be an invertible operator on X such that $su{p}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\right|Uⁿ\left|\right|<\infty$. Motivated by applications in ergodic theory, we obtain (optimal) conditions for the convergence of series like ${\sum }_{n\ge 1}\left(Uⁿf\right)/n^{1-\alpha }$, 0 ≤ α < 1, in terms of $\left|\right|f+\cdots +U^{n-1}f{\left|\right|}_p$, generalizing results for unitary (or normal) operators in L²(μ). The proofs make use of the spectral integration initiated by Berkson and Gillespie and, more particularly, of results from a paper by Berkson-Bourgain-Gillespie. ...

For finite groups $X$, $G$ and the right $G$-action on $X$ by group automorphisms, the non-balanced quantum double $D(X;G)$ is defined as the crossed product ${\left(ℂX^{\mathrm{op}}\right)}^{*}⋊ℂG$. We firstly prove that $D(X;G)$ is a finite-dimensional Hopf $C^{*}$-algebra. For any subgroup $H$ of $G$, $D(X;H)$ can be defined as a Hopf $C^{*}$-subalgebra of $D(X;G)$ in the natural way. Then there is a conditonal expectation from $D(X;G)$ onto $D(X;H)$ and the index is $[G;H]$. Moreover, we prove that an associated natural inclusion of non-balanced quantum doubles is the crossed product by the...

We show that there are well separated families of quantum expanders with asymptotically the maximal cardinality allowed by a known upper bound. This has applications to the “growth" of certain operator spaces: It implies asymptotically sharp estimates for the growth of the multiplicity of $M_N$-spaces needed to represent (up to a constant $C>1$) the $M_N$-version of the $n$-dimensional operator Hilbert space $O{H}_n$ as a direct sum of copies of $M_N$. We show that, when $C$ is close to 1, this multiplicity grows...

Associated to an Hadamard matrix $H\in M_N\left(ℂ\right)$ is the spectral measure μ ∈ [0,N] of the corresponding Hopf image algebra, A = C(G) with $G\subset S{⁺}_N$. We study a certain family of discrete measures ${\mu }^r\in [0,N]$, coming from the idempotent state theory of G, which converge in Cesàro limit to μ. Our main result is a duality formula of type ${\int }_0^N{(x/N)}^{p}d{\mu }^r\left(x\right)={\int }_0^N{(x/N)}^{r}d{\nu }^p\left(x\right)$, where ${\mu }^r,{\nu }^r$ are the truncations of the spectral measures μ,ν associated to $H,H^t$. We also prove, using these truncations ${\mu }^r,{\nu }^r$, that for any deformed Fourier matrix $H=F_M{\otimes }_Q{F}_N$ we have μ = ν.

We prove that for the spectral radius of a weighted composition operator $a{T}_{\alpha }$, acting in the space $L^p(X,,\mu )$, the following variational principle holds: $lnr\left(a{T}_{\alpha }\right)=ma{x}_{\nu \in M{¹}_{\alpha ,e}}{\int }_{X}ln\left|a\right|d\nu$, where X is a Hausdorff compact space, α: X → X is a continuous mapping preserving a Borel measure μ with suppμ = X, $M{¹}_{\alpha ,e}$ is the set of all α-invariant ergodic probability measures on X, and a: X → ℝ is a continuous and ${}_{\infty }$-measurable function, where ${}_{\infty }={\bigcap }_{n=0}^{\infty }{\alpha }^{-n}\left(\right)$. This considerably extends the range of validity of the above formula, which was previously known...

We introduce a method for construction of a covariant differential calculus over a Hopf algebra $A$ from a quantized calculus $da=[D,a]$, $a\in A$, where $D$ is a candidate for a Dirac operator for $A$. We recover the method of construction of a bicovariant differential calculus given by T. Brzeziński and S. Majid created from a central element of the dual Hopf algebra $A^{\circ }$. We apply this method to the Dirac operator for the quantum $\mathrm{SL}\left(2\right)$ given by S. Majid. We find that the differential calculus obtained by our...

We deal with a class on nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLS) with potentials $V\left(x\right)\sim {\left|x\right|}^{-\alpha }$, $0<\alpha <2$, and $K\left(x\right)\sim {\left|x\right|}^{-\beta }$, $\beta >0$. Working in weighted Sobolev spaces, the existence of ground states $v_{\epsilon }$ belonging to $W^{1,2}\left({ℝ}^N\right)$ is proved under the assumption that $\sigma <p<(N+2)/\left(N-2\right)$ for some $\sigma ={\sigma }_{N,\alpha ,\beta }$. Furthermore, it is shown that $v_{\epsilon }$ are spikes concentrating at a minimum point of $𝒜=V^{\theta }{K}^{-2/\left(p-1\right)}$, where $\theta =(p+1)/\left(p-1\right)-1/2$.

We define and compare, by model-theoretical methods, some exponentiations over the quantum algebra $U_q\left(s{l}_2\left(ℂ\right)\right)$. We discuss two cases, according to whether the parameter $q$ is a root of unity. We show that the universal enveloping algebra of $s{l}_2\left(ℂ\right)$ embeds in a non-principal ultraproduct of $U_q\left(s{l}_2\left(ℂ\right)\right)$, where $q$ varies over the primitive roots of unity.

Let $U₁,...,U_d$ be a non-periodic collection of commuting measure preserving transformations on a probability space (Ω,Σ,μ). Also let Γ be a nonempty subset of $\mathbb{Z}{₊}^d$ and the associated collection of rectangular parallelepipeds in ${ℝ}^d$ with sides parallel to the axes and dimensions of the form $n₁\times \cdots \times n_d$ with $(n₁,...,n_d)\in \Gamma .$ The associated multiparameter geometric and ergodic maximal operators $M_{}$ and $M_{\Gamma }$ are defined respectively on $L¹\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ and L¹(Ω) by $M_{}g\left(x\right)=su{p}_{x\in R\in }1/\left|R\right|{\int }_R\left|g\left(y\right)\right|dy$ and $M_{\Gamma }f\left(\omega \right)=su{p}_{(n₁,...,n_d)\in \Gamma }1/n₁\cdots n_d{\sum }_{j₁=0}^{n₁-1}\cdots {\sum }_{j_d=0}^{n_d-1}\left|f\left(U{₁}^{j₁}\cdots U_d^{j_d}\omega \right)\right|$. Given a Young function Φ, it is shown that $M_{}$ satisfies the weak type estimate ...

Let $G$ be a finite group and $H$ a subgroup. Denote by $D(G;H)$ (or $D\left(G\right)$) the crossed product of $C\left(G\right)$ and $ℂH$ (or $ℂG$) with respect to the adjoint action of the latter on the former. Consider the algebra $\langle D\left(G\right),e\rangle$ generated by $D\left(G\right)$ and $e$, where we regard $E$ as an idempotent operator $e$ on $D\left(G\right)$ for a certain conditional expectation $E$ of $D\left(G\right)$ onto $D(G;H)$. Let us call $\langle D\left(G\right),e\rangle$ the basic construction from the conditional expectation $E:D\left(G\right)\to D(G;H)$. The paper constructs a crossed product algebra $C(G/H\times G)⋊ℂG$, and proves that there is an algebra isomorphism between...

We address the problem of the existence of finite energy solitary waves for nonlinear Klein-Gordon or Schrödinger type equations $\Delta u-u+f\left(u\right)=0$ in ${ℝ}^N$, $u\in H^1\left({ℝ}^N\right)$, where $N\ge 2$. Under natural conditions on the nonlinearity $f$, we prove the existence of $\mathrm{𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠}$ in any dimension $N\ge 2$. Our result complements earlier works of Bartsch and Willem $(N=4\mathrm{𝚘𝚛}N\ge 6)$ and Lorca-Ubilla $(N=5)$ where solutions invariant under the action of $O\left(2\right)\times O(N-2)$ are constructed. In contrast, the solutions we construct are invariant under the action of $D_k\times O(N-2)$ where $D_k\subset O\left(2\right)$ denotes the dihedral...

We give a complete classification of right coideal subalgebras that contain all grouplike elements for the quantum group $U_q^{+}\left({\mathrm{𝔰𝔬}}_{2n+1}\right)$ provided that $q$ is not a root of 1. If $q$ has a finite multiplicative order $t>4$; this classification remains valid for homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of the Frobenius–Lusztig kernel $u_q^{+}\left({\mathrm{𝔰𝔬}}_{2n+1}\right)$. In particular, the total number of right coideal subalgebras that contain the coradical equals $\left(2n\right)!!$; the order of the Weyl group defined by the root system of type $B_n$.

Let $G:=\mathrm{SO}{(n,1)}^{\circ }$ and $\Gamma (n-1)/2$ for $n=2,3$ and when $\delta >n-2$ for $n\ge 4$, we obtain an effective archimedean counting result for a discrete orbit of $\Gamma$ in a homogeneous space $H\setminus G$ where $H$ is the trivial group, a symmetric subgroup or a horospherical subgroup. More precisely, we show that for any effectively well-rounded family $\{{ℬ}_T\subset H\setminus G\}$ of compact subsets, there exists $\eta >0$ such that $\#\left[e\right]\Gamma \cap {ℬ}_T=ℳ\left({ℬ}_T\right)+O\left(ℳ{\left({ℬ}_T\right)}^{1-\eta }\right)$ for an explicit measure $ℳ$ on $H\setminus G$ which depends on $\Gamma$. We also apply the affine sieve and describe the distribution of almost primes on orbits of $\Gamma$ in arithmetic...