The main aim of this paper is to prove that the maximal operator ${\sigma }^{}$ is bounded from the Hardy space $H_{1/2}$ to weak-$L_{1/2}$ and is not bounded from $H_{1/2}$ to $L_{1/2}$.

Let $M_S$ denote the strong maximal operator. Let $M_x$ and $M_y$ denote the one-dimensional Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators in the horizontal and vertical directions in ℝ². A function h supported on the unit square Q = [0,1]×[0,1] is exhibited such that ${\int }_Q{M}_y{M}_{x}h<\infty$ but ${\int }_Q{M}_x{M}_{y}h=\infty$. It is shown that if f is a function supported on Q such that ${\int }_Q{M}_y{M}_{x}f<\infty$ but ${\int }_Q{M}_x{M}_{y}f=\infty$, then there exists a set A of finite measure in ℝ² such that ${\int }_A{M}_{S}f=\infty$.

An RD-space $𝒳$ is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the additional property that a reverse doubling property holds. The authors prove that for a space of homogeneous type $𝒳$ having “dimension” $n$, there exists a $p_0\in (n/(n+1),1)$ such that for certain classes of distributions, the $L^p\left(𝒳\right)$ quasi-norms of their radial maximal functions and grand maximal functions are equivalent when $p\in (p_0,\infty ]$. This result yields a radial maximal function characterization for Hardy spaces on $𝒳$. ...

We prove that the Hausdorff operator generated by a function ϕ is bounded on the real Hardy space $H^p\left(ℝ\right)$, 0 < p ≤ 1, if the Fourier transform ϕ̂ of ϕ satisfies certain smoothness conditions. As a special case, we obtain the boundedness of the Cesàro operator of order α on $H^p\left(ℝ\right)$, 2/(2α+1) < p ≤ 1. Our proof is based on the atomic decomposition and molecular characterization of $H^p\left(ℝ\right)$.

The aim of this paper is to establish transference and restriction theorems for maximal operators defined by multipliers on the Hardy spaces $H^p\left({ℝ}^n\right)$ and $H^p{(}^n)$, 0 < p ≤ 1, which generalize the results of Kenig-Tomas for the case p > 1. We prove that under a mild regulation condition, an $L^{\infty }\left({ℝ}^n\right)$ function m is a maximal multiplier on $H^p\left({ℝ}^n\right)$ if and only if it is a maximal multiplier on $H^p{(}^n)$. As an application, the restriction of maximal multipliers to lower dimensional Hardy spaces is considered. ...

The classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded not only on the classical Lebesgue spaces $L_p\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ (in the case $p>1$), but (in the case when $1/p(·)$ is log-Hölder continuous and $p_{-}=inf\{p\left(x\right):x\in {ℝ}^d\}>1$) on the variable Lebesgue spaces $L_{p(·)}\left({ℝ}^d\right)$, too. Furthermore, the classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is of weak-type $(1,1)$. In the present note we generalize Besicovitch’s covering theorem for the so-called $\gamma$-rectangles. We introduce a general maximal operator $M_s^{\gamma ,\delta }$ and with the help of generalized $\Phi$-functions, the strong-...

We investigate the behaviour of Fourier coefficients with respect to the system of ultraspherical polynomials. This leads us to the study of the “boundary” Lorentz space ${ℒ}_{\lambda }$ corresponding to the left endpoint of the mean convergence interval. The ultraspherical coefficients $c{ₙ}^{\left(\lambda \right)}\left(f\right)$ of ${ℒ}_{\lambda }$-functions turn out to behave like the Fourier coefficients of functions in the real Hardy space ReH¹. Namely, we prove that for any $f\in {ℒ}_{\lambda }$ the series ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }c{ₙ}^{\left(\lambda \right)}\left(f\right)cosn\theta$ is the Fourier series of some function φ ∈ ReH¹ with ${\left|\right|\phi \left|\right|}_{ReH¹}{\le c\left|\right|f\left|\right|}_{{ℒ}_{\lambda }}$. ...

A necessary and sufficient condition is given on the basis of a rare maximal function $M_l$ such that $M_{l}f\in L¹\left([0,1]\right)$ implies f ∈ L log L([0,1]).

The aim of this paper is to introduce some new fixed point results of Hardy-Rogers-type for $\alpha$-$\eta$-$GF$-contraction in a complete metric space. We extend the concept of $F$-contraction into an $\alpha$-$\eta$-$GF$-contraction of Hardy-Rogers-type. An example has been constructed to demonstrate the novelty of our results.

Let f be a measurable function defined on ℝ. For each n ∈ ℤ we consider the average $Aₙf\left(x\right)=2^{-n}{\int }_x^{x+2ⁿ}f$. The square function is defined as $Sf\left(x\right)=({\sum }_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }|Aₙf\left(x\right)-A_{n-1}f\left(x\right){\left|²\right)}^{1/2}$. The local version of this operator, namely the operator $S₁f\left(x\right)=({\sum }_{n=-\infty }^0|Aₙf\left(x\right)-A_{n-1}f\left(x\right){\left|²\right)}^{1/2}$, is of interest in ergodic theory and it has been extensively studied. In particular it has been proved [3] that it is of weak type (1,1), maps $L^p$ into itself (p > 1) and $L^{\infty }$ into BMO. We prove that the operator S not only maps $L^{\infty }$ into BMO but it also maps BMO into BMO. We also prove that the $L^p$ boundedness...

We prove and discuss some new $(H_p,L_p)$-type inequalities of weighted maximal operators of Vilenkin-Nörlund means with non-increasing coefficients $\{q_k:k\ge 0\}$. These results are the best possible in a special sense. As applications, some well-known as well as new results are pointed out in the theory of strong convergence of such Vilenkin-Nörlund means. To fulfil our main aims we also prove some new estimates of independent interest for the kernels of these summability results. In the special cases of...

Let $A_{\alpha }f\left(x\right)={\left|B\right(0,\left|x\right|\left)\right|}^{-\alpha /n}{\int }_{B(0,|x\left|\right)}f\left(t\right)dt$ be the n-dimensional fractional Hardy operator, where 0 < α ≤ n. It is well-known that $A_{\alpha }$ is bounded from $L^p$ to $L^{p_{\alpha }}$ with $p_{\alpha }=np/(\alpha p-np+n)$ when n(1-1/p) < α ≤ n. We improve this result within the framework of Banach function spaces, for instance, weighted Lebesgue spaces and Lorentz spaces. We in fact find a ’source’ space $S_{\alpha ,Y}$, which is strictly larger than X, and a ’target’ space $T_Y$, which is strictly smaller than Y, under the assumption that $A_{\alpha }$ is bounded from X into Y and the Hardy-Littlewood...

We study the Hardy inequality and derive the maximal theorem of Hardy and Littlewood in the context of grand Lebesgue spaces, considered when the underlying measure space is the interval (0,1) ⊂ ℝ, and the maximal function is localized in (0,1). Moreover, we prove that the inequality ${\left|\right|Mf\left|\right|}_{p),w}{\le c\left|\right|f\left|\right|}_{p),w}$ holds with some c independent of f iff w belongs to the well known Muckenhoupt class $A_p$, and therefore iff ${\left|\right|Mf\left|\right|}_{p,w}{\le c\left|\right|f\left|\right|}_{p,w}$ for some c independent of f. Some results of similar type are discussed for the case of small...

Let $(X,d,\mu )$ be a metric measure space endowed with a distance $d$ and a nonnegative Borel doubling measure $\mu$. Let $L$ be a non-negative self-adjoint operator of order $m$ on $L^2\left(X\right)$. Assume that the semigroup ${\mathrm{e}}^{-tL}$ generated by $L$ satisfies the Davies-Gaffney estimate of order $m$ and $L$ satisfies the Plancherel type estimate. Let $H_L^p\left(X\right)$ be the Hardy space associated with $L.$ We show the boundedness of Stein’s square function ${𝒢}_{\delta }\left(L\right)$ arising from Bochner-Riesz means associated to $L$ from Hardy spaces $H_L^p\left(X\right)$ to $L^p\left(X\right)$, and also study...

We give a new proof using the classic Calderón-Zygmund decomposition that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot )}$ whenever the exponent function $p(\cdot )$ satisfies log-Hölder continuity conditions. We include the case where $p(\cdot )$ assumes the value infinity. The same proof also shows that the fractional maximal operator $M_a$, , maps $L^{p(\cdot )}$ into $L^{q(\cdot )}$, where $1/p(\cdot )-1/q(\cdot )=a/n$.

We prove three theorems on linear operators $T_{\tau ,p}:H_p\left(ℬ\right)\to H_p$ induced by rearrangement of a subsequence of a Haar system. We find a sufficient and necessary condition for $T_{\tau ,p}$ to be continuous for 0 < p < ∞.

Given 0 < p,q < ∞ and any sequence z = zₙ in the unit disc , we define an operator from functions on to sequences by $T_{z,p}\left(f\right)={(1-|zₙ\left|²\right)}^{1/p}f\left(zₙ\right)$. Necessary and sufficient conditions on zₙ are given such that $T_{z,p}$ maps the Hardy space $H^p$ boundedly into the sequence space ${\ell }^q$. A corresponding result for Bergman spaces is also stated.

Motivated by some recent results by Li and Stević, in this paper we prove that a two-parameter family of Cesàro averaging operators ${}^{b,c}$ is bounded on the Dirichlet spaces ${}_{p,a}$. We also give a short and direct proof of boundedness of ${}^{b,c}$ on the Hardy space $H^p$ for 1 < p < ∞.

In this paper we study the regularity properties of the one-dimensional one-sided Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators ${ℳ}^{+}$ and ${ℳ}^{-}$. More precisely, we prove that ${ℳ}^{+}$ and ${ℳ}^{-}$ map $W^{1,p}\left(ℝ\right)\to W^{1,p}\left(ℝ\right)$ with $1<p<\infty$, boundedly and continuously. In addition, we show that the discrete versions $M^{+}$ and $M^{-}$ map $\mathrm{BV}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)\to \mathrm{BV}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$ boundedly and map $l^1\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)\to \mathrm{BV}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$ continuously. Specially, we obtain the sharp variation inequalities of $M^{+}$ and $M^{-}$, that is, $$\mathrm{Var}\left(M^{+}\left(f\right)\right)\le \mathrm{Var}\left(f\right)\text{and}\mathrm{Var}\left(M^{-}\left(f\right)\right)\le \mathrm{Var}\left(f\right)$$ if $f\in \mathrm{BV}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$, where $\mathrm{Var}\left(f\right)$ is the total variation of $f$ on $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathrm{BV}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$ is the set of all functions $f:\mathbb{Z}\to ℝ$ satisfying $\mathrm{Var}\left(f\right)<\infty$.

Let ${ℒ}_1=-\Delta +V$ be a Schrödinger operator and let ${ℒ}_2={(-\Delta )}^2+V^2$ be a Schrödinger type operator on ${ℝ}^n$ $(n\ge 5)$, where $V\ne 0$ is a nonnegative potential belonging to certain reverse Hölder class $B_s$ for $s\ge n/2$. The Hardy type space $H_{{ℒ}_2}^1$ is defined in terms of the maximal function with respect to the semigroup $\left\{{\mathrm{e}}^{-t{ℒ}_2}\right\}$ and it is identical to the Hardy space $H_{{ℒ}_1}^1$ established by Dziubański and Zienkiewicz. In this article, we prove the $L^p$-boundedness of the commutator ${ℛ}_b=bℛf-ℛ\left(bf\right)$ generated by the Riesz transform $ℛ={\nabla }^2{ℒ}_2^{-1/2}$, where $b\in {\mathrm{BMO}}_{\theta }\left(\rho \right)$, which is larger...

We prove sharp a priori estimates for the distribution function of the dyadic maximal function ℳ ϕ, when ϕ belongs to the Lorentz space $L^{p,q}$, 1 < p < ∞, 1 ≤ q < ∞. The approach rests on a precise evaluation of the Bellman function corresponding to the problem. As an application, we establish refined weak-type estimates for the dyadic maximal operator: for p,q as above and r ∈ [1,p], we determine the best constant $C_{p,q,r}$ such that for any $\varphi \in L^{p,q}$, ${\left|\right|ℳ\varphi \left|\right|}_{r,\infty }\le C_{p,q,r}{\left|\right|\varphi \left|\right|}_{p,q}$.

AbstractThe paper contains studies of relationships between properties of the “translation” mappings $T_F$ and the topological and geometric structure of spaces X and Hardy classes $h^p(,X)$ of X-valued harmonic functions on the open unit disk in ℂ (X is a Banach space). The mapping $T_F$ transforming the unit circle of ℂ into $h^p(,X)$ is associated with a function $F\in h^p(,X)$ by the formula $T_F\left(t\right)=F\circ \varphi ₜ$, where ϕₜ is the rotation of through t.AcknowledgmentsThis work is based in part on the author’s doctoral thesis written at...

We study the boundedness of the one-sided operator $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ between the weighted spaces $L^p\left(M¯w\right)$ and $L^p\left(w\right)$ for every weight w. If λ = 2/p whenever 1 < p < 2, and in the case p = 1 for λ > 2, we prove the weak type of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$. For every λ > 1 and p = 2, or λ > 2/p and 1 < p < 2, the boundedness of this operator is obtained. For p > 2 and λ > 1, we obtain the boundedness of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ from $L^p\left({\left(M¯\right)}^{[p/2]+1}w\right)$ to $L^p\left(w\right)$, where ${\left(M¯\right)}^k$ denotes the operator M¯ iterated k times.