In this article we define the $m$-topology on some rings of quotients of $C\left(X\right)$. Using this, we equip the classical ring of quotients $q\left(X\right)$ of $C\left(X\right)$ with the $m$-topology and we show that $C\left(X\right)$ with the $r$-topology is in fact a subspace of $q\left(X\right)$ with the $m$-topology. Characterization of the components of rings of quotients of $C\left(X\right)$ is given and using this, it turns out that $q\left(X\right)$ with the $m$-topology is connected if and only if $X$ is a pseudocompact almost $P$-space, if and only if $C\left(X\right)$ with $r$-topology is connected. We also...

A hit-and-miss topology (${\tau }_{HM}$) is defined for the hyperspaces $2^X$, Cₙ(X) and Fₙ(X) of a continuum X. We study the relationship between ${\tau }_{HM}$ and the Vietoris topology and we find conditions on X for which these topologies are equivalent.

Let $K$ be a compact space and let $C\left(K\right)$ be the Banach lattice of real-valued continuous functions on $K$. We establish eleven conditions equivalent to the strong compactness of the order interval $[0,x]$ in $C\left(K\right)$, including the following ones: (i) $\{x>0\}$ consists of isolated points of $K$; (ii) $[0,x]$ is pointwise compact; (iii) $[0,x]$ is weakly compact; (iv) the strong topology and that of pointwise convergence coincide on $[0,x]$; (v) the strong and weak topologies coincide on $[0,x]$. Moreover, the weak topology and that of pointwise...

The Golomb space ${\mathbb{N}}_{\tau }$ is the set $\mathbb{N}$ of positive integers endowed with the topology $\tau$ generated by the base consisting of arithmetic progressions $\{a+bn:n\ge 0\}$ with coprime $a,b$. We prove that the Golomb space ${\mathbb{N}}_{\tau }$ is topologically rigid in the sense that its homeomorphism group is trivial. This resolves a problem posed by T. Banakh at Mathoverflow in 2017.

Following Banakh and Gabriyelyan (2016) we say that a Tychonoff space X is an Ascoli space if every compact subset of $C_k\left(X\right)$ is evenly continuous; this notion is closely related to the classical Ascoli theorem. Every $k_{ℝ}$-space, hence any k-space, is Ascoli. Let X be a metrizable space. We prove that the space $C_k\left(X\right)$ is Ascoli iff $C_k\left(X\right)$ is a $k_{ℝ}$-space iff X is locally compact. Moreover, $C_k\left(X\right)$ endowed with the weak topology is Ascoli iff X is countable and discrete. Using some basic concepts from probability...

We show that an effect tribe of fuzzy sets $𝒯\subseteq {[0,1]}^X$ with the property that every $f\in 𝒯$ is ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$-measurable, where ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$ is the family of subsets of $X$ whose characteristic functions are central elements in $𝒯$, is a tribe. Moreover, a monotone $\sigma$-complete effect algebra with RDP with a Loomis-Sikorski representation $(X,𝒯,h)$, where the tribe $𝒯$ has the property that every $f\in 𝒯$ is ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$-measurable, is a $\sigma$-MV-algebra.

The symbol ${\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }$ (with κ ≥ ω) denotes the space $X_I:={\prod }_{i\in I}{X}_i$ with the κ-box topology; this has as base all sets of the form $U={\prod }_{i\in I}{U}_i$ with $U_i$ open in $X_i$ and with $|i\in I:U_i\ne X_i|<\kappa$. The symbols w, d and S denote respectively the weight, density character and Suslin number. Generalizing familiar classical results, the authors show inter alia: Theorem 3.1.10(b). If κ ≤ α⁺, |I| = α and each $X_i$ contains the discrete space 0,1 and satisfies $w\left(X_i\right)\le \alpha$, then $w\left(X_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Theorem 4.3.2. If $\omega \le \kappa \le \left|I\right|\le 2^{\alpha }$ and $X={\left(D\left(\alpha \right)\right)}^I$ with D(α) discrete, |D(α)| = α, then $d\left({\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Corollaries 5.2.32(a)...

A topological space $X$ is totally Brown if for each $n\in \mathbb{N}\setminus \left\{1\right\}$ and every nonempty open subsets $U_1,U_2,...,U_n$ of $X$ we have ${\mathrm{cl}}_X\left(U_1\right)\cap {\mathrm{cl}}_X\left(U_2\right)\cap \cdots \cap {\mathrm{cl}}_X\left(U_n\right)\ne \varnothing$. Totally Brown spaces are connected. In this paper we consider a topology ${\tau }_S$ on the set $\mathbb{N}$ of natural numbers. We then present properties of the topological space $(\mathbb{N},{\tau }_S)$, some of them involve the closure of a set with respect to this topology, while others describe subsets which are either totally Brown or totally separated. Our theorems generalize results proved by P. Szczuka in 2013, 2014,...

Let $K$ be a number field defined by an irreducible polynomial $F\left(X\right)\in \mathbb{Z}\left[X\right]$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_K$ its ring of integers. For every prime integer $p$, we give sufficient and necessary conditions on $F\left(X\right)$ that guarantee the existence of exactly $r$ prime ideals of ${\mathbb{Z}}_K$ lying above $p$, where $\overline{F}\left(X\right)$ factors into powers of $r$ monic irreducible polynomials in ${𝔽}_p\left[X\right]$. The given result presents a weaker condition than that given by S. K. Khanduja and M. Kumar (2010), which guarantees the existence of exactly $r$ prime ideals of ${\mathbb{Z}}_K$ lying above $p$....

Let $Con{v}_F\left(ℝⁿ\right)$ be the space of all non-empty closed convex sets in Euclidean space ℝ ⁿ endowed with the Fell topology. We prove that $Con{v}_F\left(ℝⁿ\right)\approx ℝⁿ\times Q$ for every n > 1 whereas $Con{v}_F\left(ℝ\right)\approx ℝ\times$.

Let $r(G_1,G_2)$ be the Ramsey number of the two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$. For $n_1\ge n_2\ge 1$ let $S(n_1,n_2)$ be the double star given by $V\left(S(n_1,n_2)\right)=\{v_0,v_1,...,v_{n_1},w_0$, $w_1,...,w_{n_2}\}$ and $E\left(S(n_1,n_2)\right)=\{v_0{v}_1,...,v_0{v}_{n_1},v_0{w}_0,w_0{w}_1,...,w_0{w}_{n_2}\}$. We determine $r(K_{1,m-1},$ $S(n_1,n_2))$ under certain conditions. For $n\ge 6$ let $T_n^3=S(n-5,3)$, $T_n^{\text{'}\text{'}}=(V,E_2)$ and $T_n^{\text{'}\text{'}\text{'}}=(V,E_3)$, where $V=\{v_0,v_1,...,v_{n-1}\}$, $E_2=\{v_0{v}_1,...,v_0{v}_{n-4},v_1{v}_{n-3}$, $v_1{v}_{n-2},v_2{v}_{n-1}\}$ and $E_3=\{v_0{v}_1,...,v_0{v}_{n-4},v_1{v}_{n-3},$ $v_2{v}_{n-2},v_3{v}_{n-1}\}$. We also obtain explicit formulas for $r(K_{1,m-1},T_n)$, $r(T_m^{\text{'}},T_n)$ $(n\ge m+3)$, $r(T_n,T_n)$, $r(T_n^{\text{'}},T_n)$ and $r(P_n,T_n)$, where $T_n\in \{T_n^{\text{'}\text{'}},T_n^{\text{'}\text{'}\text{'}},T_n^3\}$, $P_n$ is the path on $n$ vertices and $T_n^{\text{'}}$ is the unique tree with $n$ vertices and maximal degree $n-2$.

Given an integer $n\ge 3$, let $u_1,...,u_n$ be pairwise coprime integers $\ge 2$, $𝒟$ a family of nonempty proper subsets of $\{1,...,n\}$ with “enough” elements, and $\epsilon$ a function $𝒟\to \{\pm 1\}$. Does there exist at least one prime $q$ such that $q$ divides ${\prod }_{i\in I}{u}_i-\epsilon \left(I\right)$ for some $I\in 𝒟$, but it does not divide $u_1\cdots u_n$? We answer this question in the positive when the $u_i$ are prime powers and $\epsilon$ and $𝒟$ are subjected to certain restrictions. We use the result to prove that, if ${\epsilon }_0\in \{\pm 1\}$ and $A$ is a set of three or more primes that contains all prime divisors of any...