Nonassociative triples in involutory loops and in loops of small order

Aleš Drápal; Jan Hora

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Displaying similar documents to “Nonassociative triples in involutory loops and in loops of small order”

Automorphic loops and metabelian groups

Mark Greer, Lee Raney (2020)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Given a uniquely 2-divisible group $G$ , we study a commutative loop $(G, \circ)$ which arises as a result of a construction in “Engelsche elemente noetherscher gruppen” (1957) by R. Baer. We investigate some general properties and applications of “ $\circ$ ” and determine a necessary and sufficient condition on $G$ in order for $(G, \circ)$ to be Moufang. In “A class of loops categorically isomorphic to Bruck loops of odd order” (2014) by M. Greer, it is conjectured that $G$ is metabelian if and only if $(G, \circ)$ is an automorphic...

On dicyclic groups as inner mapping groups of finite loops

Emma Leppälä, Markku Niemenmaa (2016)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Let $G$ be a finite group with a dicyclic subgroup $H$ . We show that if there exist $H$ -connected transversals in $G$ , then $G$ is a solvable group. We apply this result to loop theory and show that if the inner mapping group $I (Q)$ of a finite loop $Q$ is dicyclic, then $Q$ is a solvable loop. We also discuss a more general solvability criterion in the case where $I (Q)$ is a certain type of a direct product.

The centre of a Steiner loop and the maxi-Pasch problem

Andrew R. Kozlik (2020)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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A binary operation “ $\cdot$ ” which satisfies the identities $x \cdot e = x$ , $x \cdot x = e$ , $(x \cdot y) \cdot x = y$ and $x \cdot y = y \cdot x$ is called a Steiner loop. This paper revisits the proof of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Steiner loop of order $n$ with centre of order $m$ and discusses the connection of this problem to the question of the maximum number of Pasch configurations which can occur in a Steiner triple system (STS) of a given order. An STS which attains this maximum for a given order is said to be . We show that...

Linear operator identities in quasigroups

Reza Akhtar (2022)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We study identities of the form $L_{x_{0}} ϕ_{1} \dots ϕ_{n} R_{x_{n + 1}} = R_{x_{n + 1}} ϕ_{σ (1)} \dots ϕ_{σ (n)} L_{x_{0}}$ in quasigroups, where $n \geq 1$ , $σ$ is a permutation of ${1, ..., n}$ , and for each $i$ , $ϕ_{i}$ is either $L_{x_{i}}$ or $R_{x_{i}}$ . We prove that in a quasigroup, every such identity implies commutativity. Moreover, if $σ$ is chosen randomly and uniformly, it also satisfies associativity with probability approaching $1$ as $n \to \infty$ .

Moufang loops of order coprime to three that cyclically extend groups of dihedral type

Aleš Drápal (2016)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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This paper completely solves the isomorphism problem for Moufang loops $Q = G C$ where $G ⊴ Q$ is a noncommutative group with cyclic subgroup of index two and $| Z (G) | \leq 2$ , $C$ is cyclic, $G \cap C = 1$ , and $Q$ is finite of order coprime to three.

Classification of quasigroups according to directions of translations II

Fedir Sokhatsky, Alla Lutsenko (2021)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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In each quasigroup $Q$ there are defined six types of translations: the left, right and middle translations and their inverses. Two translations may coincide as permutations of $Q$ , and yet be different when considered upon the web of the quasigroup. We shall call each of the translation types a direction and will associate it with one of the elements $ι, l, r, s, l s$ and $r s$ , i.e., the elements of a symmetric group $S_{3}$ . Properties of the directions are considered in part 1 of “Classification of quasigroups...

Antiflexible Latin directed triple systems

Andrew R. Kozlik (2015)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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It is well known that given a Steiner triple system one can define a quasigroup operation $\cdot$ upon its base set by assigning $x \cdot x = x$ for all $x$ and $x \cdot y = z$ , where $z$ is the third point in the block containing the pair ${x, y}$ . The same can be done for Mendelsohn triple systems, where $(x, y)$ is considered to be ordered. But this is not necessarily the case for directed triple systems. However there do exist directed triple systems, which induce a quasigroup under this operation and these are called Latin directed...

Generating varieties for the triple loop space of classical Lie groups

Yasuhiko Kamiyama (2003)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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For G = SU(n), Sp(n) or Spin(n), let $C_{G} (S U (2))$ be the centralizer of a certain SU(2) in G. We have a natural map $J : G / C_{G} (S U (2)) \to Ω ₀ ³ G$ . For a generator α of $H ⁎ (G / C_{G} (S U (2)); ℤ / 2)$ , we describe J⁎(α). In particular, it is proved that $J ⁎ : H ⁎ (G / C_{G} (S U (2)); ℤ / 2) \to H ⁎ (Ω ₀ ³ G; ℤ / 2)$ is injective.

Differences of two semiconvex functions on the real line

Václav Kryštof, Luděk Zajíček (2016)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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It is proved that real functions on $ℝ$ which can be represented as the difference of two semiconvex functions with a general modulus (or of two lower $C^{1}$ -functions, or of two strongly paraconvex functions) coincide with semismooth functions on $ℝ$ (i.e. those locally Lipschitz functions on $ℝ$ for which $f_{+}^{'} (x) = {lim}_{t \to x +} f_{+}^{'} (t)$ and $f_{-}^{'} (x) = {lim}_{t \to x -} f_{-}^{'} (t)$ for each $x$ ). Further, for each modulus $ω$ , we characterize the class $D S C_{ω}$ of functions on $ℝ$ which can be written as $f = g - h$ , where $g$ and $h$ are semiconvex with modulus $C ω$ (for some $C > 0$ ) using a new...

A new characterization of symmetric group by NSE

Azam Babai, Zeinab Akhlaghi (2017)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $G$ be a group and $ω (G)$ be the set of element orders of $G$ . Let $k \in ω (G)$ and $m_{k} (G)$ be the number of elements of order $k$ in $G$ . Let nse $(G) = {m_{k} (G) : k \in ω (G)}$ . Assume $r$ is a prime number and let $G$ be a group such that nse $(G) =$ nse $(S_{r})$ , where $S_{r}$ is the symmetric group of degree $r$ . In this paper we prove that $G ≅ S_{r}$ , if $r$ divides the order of $G$ and $r^{2}$ does not divide it. To get the conclusion we make use of some well-known results on the prime graphs of finite simple groups and their components.