If G is a locally compact group with a compact invariant neighbourhood of the identity e, the following property (*) holds: For every continuous positive definite function h≥ 0 with compact support there is a constant $C_h>0$ such that $\int L_{x}h·g\le C_h\int hg$ for every continuous positive definite g≥0, where $L_x$ is left translation by x. In [L], property (*) was stated, but the above inequality was proved for special h only. That “for one h” implies “for all h” seemed obvious, but turned out not to be obvious at...

Consider the difference equation $$\Delta x\left(n\right)+\sum _{i=1}^m{p}_i\left(n\right)x\left({\tau }_i\left(n\right)\right)=0,n\ge 0\left[\nabla x\left(n\right)-\sum _{i=1}^m{p}_i\left(n\right)x\left({\sigma }_i\left(n\right)\right)=0,n\ge 1\right],$$ where $\left(p_i\left(n\right)\right)$, $1\le i\le m$ are sequences of nonnegative real numbers, ${\tau }_i\left(n\right)$ [${\sigma }_i\left(n\right)$], $1\le i\le m$ are general retarded (advanced) arguments and $\Delta$ [$\nabla$] denotes the forward (backward) difference operator $\Delta x\left(n\right)=x(n+1)-x\left(n\right)$ [$\nabla x\left(n\right)=x\left(n\right)-x(n-1)$]. New oscillation criteria are established when the well-known oscillation conditions $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=\tau \left(n\right)}^n{p}_i\left(j\right)>1\left[\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=n}^{\sigma \left(n\right)}{p}_i\left(j\right)>1\right]$$ and $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; inf}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j={\tau }_i\left(n\right)}^{n-1}{p}_i\left(j\right)>\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}\left[\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; inf}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=n+1}^{{\sigma }_i\left(n\right)}{p}_i\left(j\right)>\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}\right]$$ are not satisfied. Here $\tau \left(n\right)={max}_{1\le i\le m}{\tau }_i\left(n\right)$ $[\sigma \left(n\right)={min}_{1\le i\le m}{\sigma }_i\left(n\right)]$. The results obtained essentially improve known results in the literature. Examples illustrating the results are also given.

Let ${\tau }_X$ and ${\tau }_Y$ be representations of a topological group G on Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. We investigate the continuity of the linear operators Φ: X → Y with the property that $\Phi \circ {\tau }_X\left(t\right)={\tau }_Y\left(t\right)\circ \Phi$ for each t ∈ G in terms of the invariant vectors in Y and the automatic continuity of the invariant linear functionals on X.

An example of a non-zero non-atomic translation-invariant Borel measure ${\nu }_p$ on the Banach space ${\ell }_p\left(1\le p\le \infty \right)$ is constructed in Solovay’s model. It is established that, for 1 ≤ p < ∞, the condition "${\nu }_p$-almost every element of ${\ell }_p$ has a property P" implies that “almost every” element of ${\ell }_p$ (in the sense of [4]) has the property P. It is also shown that the converse is not valid.

Various techniques are presented for constructing $\Lambda$ (p) sets which are not $\Lambda (p+ϵ)$ for all $ϵ\&gt;0$. The main result is that there is a $\Lambda$ (4) set in the dual of any compact abelian group which is not $\Lambda (4+ϵ)$ for all $ϵ\&gt;0$. Along the way to proving this, new constructions are given in dual groups in which constructions were already known of $\Lambda$ (p) not $\Lambda (p+ϵ)$ sets, for certain values of $p$. The main new constructions in specific dual groups are: – there is a $\Lambda$ (2k) set which is not $\Lambda (2k+ϵ)$ in $\mathbf{Z}\left(2\right)\oplus \mathbf{Z}\left(2\right)\oplus \cdots$ for all $2\le k$, $k\in \mathbf{N}$ and...

CONTENTS Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................3 1. Lemmas concerning first order formulas.....................................................................................................5 2. Representability of recursively enumerable sets........................................................................................9 3. Simple theory of types.......................................................................................................................................10...

Let $G$ be any group containing an infinite elementary amenable subgroup and let $2\&lt;p\&lt;\infty$. We construct an exhaustion of ${\ell }^{p}G$ by closed invariant subspaces which all intersect trivially a fixed non-trivial closed invariant subspace. This is an obstacle to ${\ell }^p$-dimension and gives an answer to a question of Gaboriau.

The properties of shift invariant operators $Q_h$ are proved: It is shown that Q has polynomial order r iff r is the rate of convergence of $Q_h$. A weak saturation theorem is given. If f is replaced by $Q_{f}h$ in the weak saturation formula the asymptotics of the expression is calculated. Moreover, bootstrap approximation is introduced.

Let ℳ be a von Neumann factor of type II1 with a normalized trace τ. In 1983 L. G. Brown showed that to every operator T∈ℳ one can in a natural way associate a spectral distribution measure μ T (now called the Brown measure of T), which is a probability measure in ℂ with support in the spectrum σ(T) of T. In this paper it is shown that for every T∈ℳ and every Borel set B in ℂ, there is a unique closed T-invariant subspace $𝒦={𝒦}_{\mathrm{T}}\left(B\right)$ affiliated with ℳ, such that the Brown measure of ${\mathrm{T}|}_{𝒦}$ is concentrated...

We study the class of all rearrangement-invariant ( = r.i.) function spaces E on [0,1] such that there exists 0 < q < 1 for which $\parallel {\sum }_{k=1}^n{\xi }_k{\parallel }_E\le C{n}^q$, where ${{\xi }_k}_{k\ge 1}\subset E$ is an arbitrary sequence of independent identically distributed symmetric random variables on [0,1] and C > 0 does not depend on n. We completely characterize all Lorentz spaces having this property and complement classical results of Rodin and Semenov for Orlicz spaces $exp\left(L_p\right)$, p ≥ 1. We further apply our results to the study of Banach-Saks...

We consider the subspace of L²(ℝ) spanned by the integer shifts of one function ψ, and formulate a condition on the family ${\psi (·-n)}_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }$, which is equivalent to the weight function ${\sum }_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }\left|\psi ̂(·+n)\right|²$ being > 0 a.e.

Let $G$ be a compact group, let $n\in N\setminus \{0,1\}$ be a fixed element and let $\sigma$ be a continuous automorphism on $G$ such that ${\sigma }^n=I$. Using the non-abelian Fourier transform, we determine the non-zero continuous solutions $f:G\to C$ of the functional equation $$f\left(xy\right)+\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}f\left({\sigma }^k\left(y\right)x\right)=nf\left(x\right)f\left(y\right),x,y\in G,$$ in terms of unitary characters of $G$.

Let $F$ be a finite field of characteristic $p$ and $K$ a field which contains a primitive $p$th root of unity and $\mathrm{char}K\ne p$. Suppose that a classical group $G$ acts on the $F$-vector space $V$. Then it can induce the actions on the vector space $V\oplus V$ and on the group algebra $K[V\oplus V]$, respectively. In this paper we determine the structure of $G$-invariant ideals of the group algebra $K[V\oplus V]$, and establish the relationship between the invariant ideals of $K\left[V\right]$ and the vector invariant ideals of $K[V\oplus V]$, if $G$ is a unitary group or orthogonal...

The vertex algebra ${𝒲}_{1+\infty ,c}$ with central charge $c$ may be defined as a module over the universal central extension of the Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle. For an integer $n\ge 1$, it was conjectured in the physics literature that ${𝒲}_{1+\infty ,-n}$ should have a minimal strong generating set consisting of $n^2+2n$ elements. Using a free field realization of ${𝒲}_{1+\infty ,-n}$ due to Kac–Radul, together with a deformed version of Weyl’s first and second fundamental theorems of invariant theory for the standard representation...

Let $\mu$ be a probability measure on $[0,1]$ which is invariant and ergodic for $T_a\left(x\right)=ax\mathrm{𝚖𝚘𝚍}1$, and $0<\mathrm{𝚍𝚒𝚖}\mu <1$. Let $f$ be a local diffeomorphism on some open set. We show that if $E\subseteq ℝ$ and $\left(f\mu \right){\left|{}_E\sim \mu \right|}_E$, then $f^{\text{'}}\left(x\right)\in \left\{\pm a^r:r\in \mathbb{Q}\right\}$ at $\mu$-a.e. point $x\in f^{-1}E$. In particular, if $g$ is a piecewise-analytic map preserving $\mu$ then there is an open $g$-invariant set $U$ containing supp $\mu$ such that $g\left|{}_U\right.$ is piecewise-linear with slopes which are rational powers of $a$. In a similar vein, for $\mu$ as above, if $b$ is another integer and $a,b$ are not powers of a common integer, and if $\nu$ is...