Recurrences for the Bernoulli and Euler numbers.
We develop the connection between Rota-Baxter operators arisen from algebra and mathematical physics and Bernoulli polynomials. We state that a trivial property of Rota-Baxter operators implies the symmetry of the power sum polynomials and Bernoulli polynomials. We show how Rota-Baxter operators equalities rewritten in terms of Bernoulli polynomials generate identities for the latter.
A true Tree Calculus is being developed to make a joint study of the two statistics “eoc” (end of minimal chain) and “pom” (parent of maximum leaf) on the set of secant trees. Their joint distribution restricted to the set {eoc-pom ≤ 1} is shown to satisfy two partial difference equation systems, to be symmetric and to be expressed in the form of an explicit three-variable generating function.
In this paper, by considering higher-order degenerate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials which were introduced by Carlitz, we investigate some properties of mixed-type of those polynomials. In particular, we give some identities of mixed-type degenerate special polynomials which are derived from the fermionic integrals on Zp and the bosonic integrals on Zp.