Kummer type congruences and Stickelberger subideals
For , , it is proved the relations between the sums and Bernoulli numbers. The result supplements the known theorems of C. Leudesdorf, N. Rama Rao and others. As the application it is obtained some connections between the sums and Agoh’s functions, Wilson quotients, the indices irregularity of Bernoulli numbers.
Let be an odd prime number with q an odd integer. Let δ (resp. φ) be an odd (resp. even) Dirichlet character of conductor p and order (resp. order dividing q), and let ψₙ be an even character of conductor and order pⁿ. We put χ = δφψₙ, whose value is contained in . It is well known that the Bernoulli number is not zero, which is shown in an analytic way. In the extreme cases and q, we show, in an algebraic and elementary manner, a stronger nonvanishing result: for any pⁿth root ξ...