A General Theory of Almost Factoriality.
1. Introduction. In this note we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an integral domain to be a principal ideal domain. Curiously, these conditions are similar to those that characterize Euclidean domains. In Section 2 we establish notation, discuss related results and prove our theorem. Finally, in Section 3 we give two nontrivial applications to real quadratic number fields.
Let be an order in an algebraic number field. If is a principal order, then many explicit results on its arithmetic are available. Among others, is half-factorial if and only if the class group of has at most two elements. Much less is known for non-principal orders. Using a new semigroup theoretical approach, we study half-factoriality and further arithmetical properties for non-principal orders in algebraic number fields.
Let D be an integral domain with field of fractions K. In this article, we use a certain pullback construction in the spirit of Int(E,D) that furnishes many examples of domains between D[x] and K[x] in which there are elements that do not admit a finite factorization into irreducible elements. We also define the notion of a fixed divisor for this pullback construction to characterize all of its irreducible elements and those nonzero nonunits that do admit a finite factorization into irreducibles....