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On exponential growth rates for free groups.

Malik Koubi (1998)

Publicacions Matemàtiques

Let Fp be a free group of rank p ≥ 2. It is well-known that, with respect to a p-element generating set, that is, a basis, the exponential growth rate of Fp is 2p-1. We show that the exponential growth rate τ of a group G with respect to a p-element generating set X is 2p-1 if and only if G is free on X; otherwise τ < 2p-1. We also prove that, for any finite generating set X of Fp which is disjoint from X-1, the exponential growth rate τ of Fp with respect to X is 2p-1 if and only if X is...

On free subgroups of units in quaternion algebras

Jan Krempa (2001)

Colloquium Mathematicae

It is well known that for the ring H(ℤ) of integral quaternions the unit group U(H(ℤ) is finite. On the other hand, for the rational quaternion algebra H(ℚ), its unit group is infinite and even contains a nontrivial free subgroup. In this note (see Theorem 1.5 and Corollary 2.6) we find all intermediate rings ℤ ⊂ A ⊆ ℚ such that the group of units U(H(A)) of quaternions over A contains a nontrivial free subgroup. In each case we indicate such a subgroup explicitly. We do our best to keep the arguments...

On free subgroups of units in quaternion algebras II

Jan Krempa (2003)

Colloquium Mathematicae

Let A ⊆ ℚ be any subring. We extend our earlier results on unit groups of the standard quaternion algebra H(A) to units of certain rings of generalized quaternions H(A,a,b) = ((-a,-b)/A), where a,b ∈ A. Next we show that there is an algebra embedding of the ring H(A,a,b) into the algebra of standard Cayley numbers over A. Using this embedding we answer a question asked in the first part of this paper.

On some free semigroups, generated by matrices

Piotr Słanina (2015)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

Let A = 1 2 0 1 , B λ = 1 0 λ 1 . We call a complex number λ “semigroup free“ if the semigroup generated by A and B λ is free and “free” if the group generated by A and B λ is free. First families of semigroup free λ ’s were described by J. L. Brenner, A. Charnow (1978). In this paper we enlarge the set of known semigroup free λ ’s. To do it, we use a new version of “Ping-Pong Lemma” for semigroups embeddable in groups. At the end we present most of the known results related to semigroup free and free numbers in a common picture....

On the existence of universal covering spaces for metric spaces and subsets of the Euclidean plane

G. R. Conner, J. W. Lamoreaux (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We prove several results concerning the existence of universal covering spaces for separable metric spaces. To begin, we define several homotopy-theoretic conditions which we then prove are equivalent to the existence of a universal covering space. We use these equivalences to prove that every connected, locally path connected separable metric space whose fundamental group is a free group admits a universal covering space. As an application of these results, we prove the main result of this article,...

P-nilpotent completion is not idempotent.

Geok Choo Tan (1997)

Publicacions Matemàtiques

Let P be an arbitrary set of primes. The P-nilpotent completion of a group G is defined by the group homomorphism η: G → GP' where GP' = inv lim(G/ΓiG)P. Here Γ2G is the commutator subgroup [G,G] and ΓiG the subgroup [G, Γi−1G] when i > 2. In this paper, we prove that P-nilpotent completion of an infinitely generated free group F does not induce an isomorphism on the first homology group with ZP coefficients. Hence, P-nilpotent completion is not idempotent. Another important consequence of...

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