The cardinal and the idempotent number of various monoids of transformations on a finite chain.
Let be a Krull monoid with finite class group such that every class contains a prime divisor (for example, a ring of integers in an algebraic number field or a holomorphy ring in an algebraic function field). The catenary degree of is the smallest integer with the following property: for each and each two factorizations of , there exist factorizations of such that, for each , arises from by replacing at most atoms from by at most new atoms. Under a very mild condition...
Let be a numerical semigroup. We say that is an isolated gap of if A numerical semigroup without isolated gaps is called a perfect numerical semigroup. Denote by the multiplicity of a numerical semigroup . A covariety is a nonempty family of numerical semigroups that fulfills the following conditions: there exists the minimum of the intersection of two elements of is again an element of , and for all such that We prove that the set is a perfect numerical semigroup with...