We first prove that given any analytic filter ℱ on ω the set of all functions f on $2^{\omega }$ which can be represented as the pointwise limit relative to ℱ of some sequence ${\left(fₙ\right)}_{n\in \omega }$ of continuous functions ($f=li{m}_{ℱ}fₙ$), is exactly the set of all Borel functions of class ξ for some countable ordinal ξ that we call the rank of ℱ. We discuss several structural properties of this rank. For example, we prove that any free Π⁰₄ filter is of rank 1.

A new theorem in the theory of first return representations of Baire class one functions of a real variable is presented which has as immediate consequences several known characterizations of standard subclasses of the Baire one functions. Further, this theorem yields new insights into how finely Baire one functions can be recovered and yields a characterization of another subclass of Baire one functions.

Given a free ultrafilter p on ℕ we say that x ∈ [0, 1] is the p-limit point of a sequence (x n)n∈ℕ ⊂ [0, 1] (in symbols, x = p -limn∈ℕ x n) if for every neighbourhood V of x, {n ∈ ℕ: x n ∈ V} ∈ p. For a function f: [0, 1] → [0, 1] the function f p: [0, 1] → [0, 1] is defined by f p(x) = p -limn∈ℕ f n(x) for each x ∈ [0, 1]. This map is rarely continuous. In this note we study properties which are equivalent to the continuity of f p. For a filter F we also define the ω F-limit set of f at x. We consider...

“The kernel functor” $W\stackrel{k}{\to }LFrm$ from the category $W$ of archimedean lattice-ordered groups with distinguished weak unit onto LFrm, of Lindelöf completely regular frames, preserves and reflects monics. In $W$, monics are one-to-one, but not necessarily so in LFrm. An embedding $\varphi \in W$ for which $k\varphi$ is one-to-one is termed kernel-injective, or KI; these are the topic of this paper. The situation is contrasted with kernel-surjective and -preserving (KS and KP). The $W$-objects every embedding of which is KI are characterized;...

For non-empty topological spaces X and Y and arbitrary families $𝒜$ ⊆ $𝒫\left(X\right)$ and $ℬ\subseteq 𝒫\left(Y\right)$ we put ${𝒞}_{𝒜,ℬ}$=f ∈ $Y^X$ : (∀ A ∈ $𝒜$)(f[A] ∈ $ℬ)$. We examine which classes of functions $ℱ$ ⊆ $Y^X$ can be represented as ${𝒞}_{𝒜,ℬ}$. We are mainly interested in the case when $ℱ=𝒞(X,Y)$ is the class of all continuous functions from X into Y. We prove that for a non-discrete Tikhonov space X the class $ℱ=𝒞$(X,ℝ) is not equal to ${𝒞}_{𝒜,ℬ}$ for any $𝒜$ ⊆ $𝒫\left(X\right)$ and $ℬ$ ⊆ $𝒫$(ℝ). Thus, $𝒞$(X,ℝ) cannot be characterized by images of sets. We also show that none of the following classes of...

Let K be a compact metric space. A real-valued function on K is said to be of Baire class one (Baire-1) if it is the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions. We study two well known ordinal indices of Baire-1 functions, the oscillation index β and the convergence index γ. It is shown that these two indices are fully compatible in the following sense: a Baire-1 function f satisfies $\beta \left(f\right)\le {\omega }^{\xi ₁}·{\omega }^{\xi ₂}$ for some countable ordinals ξ₁ and ξ₂ if and only if there exists a sequence (fₙ) of Baire-1 functions...