Some refinements and generalizations of Carleman's inequality.
The classical level function construction of Halperin and Lorentz is extended to Lebesgue spaces with general measures. The construction is also carried farther. In particular, the level function is considered as a monotone map on its natural domain, a superspace of . These domains are shown to be Banach spaces which, although closely tied to spaces, are not reflexive. A related construction is given which characterizes their dual spaces.
Let A, B be positive operators on a Hilbert space with 0 < m ≤ A, B ≤ M. Then for every unital positive linear map Φ, Φ²((A + B)/2) ≤ K²(h)Φ²(A ♯ B), and Φ²((A+B)/2) ≤ K²(h)(Φ(A) ♯ Φ(B))², where A ♯ B is the geometric mean and K(h) = (h+1)²/(4h) with h = M/m.