Carleman's inequality – history, proofs and some new generalizations.
There are many inequalities which in the class of continuous functions are equivalent to convexity (for example the Jensen inequality and the Hermite-Hadamard inequalities). We show that this is not a coincidence: every nontrivial linear inequality which is valid for all convex functions is valid only for convex functions.
In [Mineno K., Nakamura Y., Ohwada T., Characterization of the intermediate values of the triangle inequality, Math. Inequal. Appl., 2012, 15(4), 1019–1035] there was established a norm inequality which characterizes all intermediate values of the triangle inequality, i.e. C n that satisfy 0 ≤ C n ≤ Σj=1n ‖x j‖ − ‖Σj=1n x j‖, x 1,...,x n ∈ X. Here we study when this norm inequality attains equality in strictly convex Banach spaces.