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Legendre polynomials and supercongruences

Zhi-Hong Sun (2013)

Acta Arithmetica

Let p > 3 be a prime, and let Rₚ be the set of rational numbers whose denominator is not divisible by p. Let Pₙ(x) be the Legendre polynomials. In this paper we mainly show that for m,n,t ∈ Rₚ with m≢ 0 (mod p), P [ p / 6 ] ( t ) - ( 3 / p ) x = 0 p - 1 ( ( x ³ - 3 x + 2 t ) / p ) ( m o d p ) and ( x = 0 p - 1 ( ( x ³ + m x + n ) / p ) ) ² ( ( - 3 m ) / p ) k = 0 [ p / 6 ] 2 k k 3 k k 6 k 3 k ( ( 4 m ³ + 27 n ² ) / ( 12 ³ · 4 m ³ ) ) k ( m o d p ) , where (a/p) is the Legendre symbol and [x] is the greatest integer function. As an application we solve some conjectures of Z. W. Sun and the author concerning k = 0 p - 1 2 k k 3 k k 6 k 3 k / m k ( m o d p ² ) , where m is an integer not divisible by p.

Linear differential equations and multiple zeta values. I. Zeta(2)

Michał Zakrzewski, Henryk Żołądek (2010)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

Certain generating fuctions for multiple zeta values are expressed as values at some point of solutions of linear meromorphic differential equations. We apply asymptotic expansion methods (like the WKB method and the Stokes operators) to solutions of these equations. In this way we give a new proof of the Euler formula ζ(2) = π²/6. In further papers we plan to apply this method to study some third order hypergeometric equation related to ζ(3).

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