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Complete monotonicity of the remainder in an asymptotic series related to the psi function

Zhen-Hang Yang, Jing-Feng Tian (2024)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

Let p , q with p - q 0 , σ = 1 2 ( p + q - 1 ) and s = 1 2 ( 1 - p + q ) , and let 𝒟 m ( x ; p , q ) = 𝒟 0 ( x ; p , q ) + k = 1 m B 2 k ( s ) 2 k ( x + σ ) 2 k , where 𝒟 0 ( x ; p , q ) = ψ ( x + p ) + ψ ( x + q ) 2 - ln ( x + σ ) . We establish the asymptotic expansion 𝒟 0 ( x ; p , q ) - n = 1 B 2 n ( s ) 2 n ( x + σ ) 2 n as x , where B 2 n ( s ) stands for the Bernoulli polynomials. Further, we prove that the functions ( - 1 ) m 𝒟 m ( x ; p , q ) and ( - 1 ) m + 1 𝒟 m ( x ; p , q ) are completely monotonic in x on ( - σ , ) for every m 0 if and only if p - q [ 0 , 1 2 ] and p - q = 1 , respectively. This not only unifies the two known results but also yields some new results.

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