Gaussian Bounds for the Fundamental Solutions ...
Auscher proved Gaussian upper bound estimates for the fundamental solutions to parabolic equations with complex coefficients in the case when coefficients are time-independent and a small perturbation of real coefficients. We prove the equivalence between the local boundedness property of solutions to a parabolic system and a Gaussian upper bound for its fundamental matrix. As a consequence, we extend Auscher's result to the time dependent case.
We propose a new general method of estimating Schrödinger perturbations of transition densities using an auxiliary transition density as a majorant of the perturbation series. We present applications to Gaussian bounds by proving an optimal inequality involving four Gaussian kernels, which we call the 4G Theorem. The applications come with honest control of constants in estimates of Schrödinger perturbations of Gaussian-type heat kernels and also allow for specific non-Kato perturbations.