Fuzzy topologies
In this paper we introduce the concept of -closed sets and investigate some of its properties in the spaces considered by A. D. Alexandroff [1] where only countable unions of open sets are required to be open. We also introduce a new separation axiom called -axiom in the Alexandroff spaces with the help of -closed sets and investigate some of its consequences.
It is well-known that the topological defect of every Fréchet closure space is less than or equal to the first uncountable ordinal number . In the case of Hausdorff Fréchet closure spaces we obtain some general conditions sufficient so that the topological defect is exactly . Some classical and recent results are deduced from our criterion.
A family of subsets of a set is called a -topology if it is closed under arbitrary countable unions and arbitrary finite intersections. A -topology is perfect if any its member (open set) is a countable union of complements of open sets. In this paper perfect -topologies are characterized in terms of inserting lower and upper measurable functions. This improves upon and extends a similar result concerning perfect topologies. Combining this characterization with a -topological version of Katětov-Tong...