Caractéristiques d'euler et groupes fondamentaux des variétés de dimension 4.
Knot complements in the n-sphere are characterized. A connected open subset W of is homeomorphic with the complement of a locally flat (n-2)-sphere in , n ≥ 4, if and only if the first homology group of W is infinite cyclic, W has one end, and the homotopy groups of the end of W are isomorphic to those of in dimensions less than n/2. This result generalizes earlier theorems of Daverman, Liem, and Liem and Venema.
We consider the classical problem of a position of n-dimensional manifold Mⁿ in . We show that we can define the fundamental (n+1)-cycle and the shadow fundamental (n+2)-cycle for a fundamental quandle of a knotting . In particular, we show that for any fixed quandle, quandle coloring, and shadow quandle coloring, of a diagram of Mⁿ embedded in we have (n+1)- and (n+2)-(co)cycle invariants (i.e. invariant under Roseman moves).