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A Bayesian approach to cluster analysis.

José M. Bernardo, F.Javier Girón (1988)

Qüestiió

A general probabilistic model for describing the structure of statistical problems known under the generic name of cluster analysis, based on finite mixtures of distributions, is proposed. We analyse the theoretical and practical implications of this approach, and point out some open question on both the theoretical problem of determining the reference prior for models based on mixtures, and the practical problem of approximation that mixtures typically entail. Finally, models based on mixtures...

A Bayesian framework for the ratio of two Poisson rates in the context of vaccine efficacy trials∗

Stéphane Laurent, Catherine Legrand (2012)

ESAIM: Probability and Statistics

In many applications, we assume that two random observations x and y are generated according to independent Poisson distributions ( λ S ) 𝒫(λS) and ( μ T ) 𝒫(μT) and we are interested in performing statistical inference on the ratio φ = λ / μ of the two incidence rates. In vaccine efficacy trials, x and y are typically the numbers of cases in the vaccine and the control groups respectively, φ is called the relative risk...

A bayesian framework for the ratio of two Poisson rates in the context of vaccine efficacy trials

Stéphane Laurent, Catherine Legrand (2012)

ESAIM: Probability and Statistics

In many applications, we assume that two random observations x and yare generated according to independent Poisson distributions ( λ S ) x1d4ab;(λS) and ( μ T ) x1d4ab;(μT) and we are interested in performing statistical inference on the ratio φ = λ / μ of the two incidence rates. In vaccine efficacy trials, x and y are typically the numbers of cases in the vaccine and the control groups respectively, φ is called the relative risk and the statistical model is called ‘partial immunity model’. In this paper we...

A Bayesian look at nuisance parameters.

A. Philip Dawid (1980)

Trabajos de Estadística e Investigación Operativa

The elimination of nuisance parameters has classically been tackled by various ad hoc devices, and has led to a number of attemps to define partial sufficiency and ancillarity. The Bayesian approach is clearly defined. This paper examines some classical procedures in order to see when they can be given a Bayesian justification.

A Bayesian significance test of change for correlated observations

Abdeldjalil Slama (2014)

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

This paper presents a Bayesian significance test for a change in mean when observations are not independent. Using a noninformative prior, a unconditional test based on the highest posterior density credible set is determined. From a Gibbs sampler simulation study the effect of correlation on the performance of the Bayesian significance test derived under the assumption of no correlation is examined. This paper is a generalization of earlier studies by KIM (1991) to not independent observations.

A collector for information without probability in a fuzzy setting

Doretta Vivona, Maria Divari (2005)

Kybernetika

In the fuzzy setting, we define a collector of fuzzy information without probability, which allows us to consider the reliability of the observers. This problem is transformed in a system of functional equations. We give the general solution of that system for collectors which are compatible with composition law of the kind “inf”.

A theoretical comparison of disco and CADIAG-II-like systems for medical diagnoses

Tatiana Kiseliova (2006)

Kybernetika

In this paper a fuzzy relation-based framework is shown to be suitable to describe not only knowledge-based medical systems, explicitly using fuzzy approaches, but other ways of knowledge representation and processing. A particular example, the practically tested medical expert system Disco, is investigated from this point of view. The system is described in the fuzzy relation-based framework and compared with CADIAG-II-like systems that are a “pattern” for computer-assisted diagnosis systems based...

Addressing the problem of lack of representativeness on syndromic surveillance schemes

Isabel Natário, M. Lucília Carvalho (2009)

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

A major concern with some contagious diseases has recently led to an enormous effort to monitor population health status by several different means. This work presents a modeling approach to overcome this poor data characteristic, allowing its use for the estimation of the true population disease picture. We use a state space model, where we run two processes in parallel - a process describing the non observable states of the population concerning the presence/absence of disease,...

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