Generalized length biased distribution is defined as $h\left(x\right)={\phi }_r\left(x\right)f\left(x\right),x>0$, where $f\left(x\right)$ is a probability density function, ${\phi }_r\left(x\right)$ is a polynomial of degree $r$, that is, ${\phi }_r\left(x\right)=a_1(x/{\mu }_1^{\text{'}})+...+a_r(x^r/{\mu }_r^{\text{'}})$, with $a_i>0,i=1,...,r,a_1+...+a_r=1,{\mu }_i^{\text{'}}=E\left(x^i\right)$ for $f\left(x\right),i=1,2...,r$. If $r=1$, we have the simple length biased distribution of Gupta and Keating [1]. First, characterizations of exponential, uniform and beta distributions are given in terms of simple length biased distributions. Next, for the case of generalized distribution, the distribution of the sum of $n$ independent variables is put in the closed form when $f\left(x\right)$...

An adaptive output regulation design method is proposed for a class of output feedback systems with nonlinear exosystem and unknown parameters. A new nonlinear internal model approach is developed in the present study that successfully converts the global robust output regulation problem into a robust adaptive stabilization problem for the augmented system. Moreover, an output feedback controller is achieved based on a type of state filter which is designed for the transformed augmented system....