An asymptotic Gilbert-Varshamov bound for -nets.
In this paper we propose a structural characterization for a class of bipartite graphs defined by two forbidden induced subgraphs. We show that the obtained characterization leads to polynomial-time algorithms for several problems that are NP-hard in general bipartite graphs.
Let be a prime, and let be the Fermat quotient of to base . The following curious congruence was conjectured by L. Skula and proved by A. Granville In this note we establish the above congruence by entirely elementary number theory arguments.
Within geometric topology of 3-manifolds (with or without boundary), a representation theory exists, which makes use of 4-coloured graphs. Aim of this paper is to translate the homeomorphism problem for the represented manifolds into an equivalence problem for 4-coloured graphs, by means of a finite number of graph-moves, called dipole moves. Moreover, interesting consequences are obtained, which are related with the same problem in the n-dimensional setting.