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On the null space of a Colin de Verdière matrix

Lászlo Lovász, Alexander Schrijver (1999)

Annales de l'institut Fourier

Let G = ( V , E ) be a 3-connected planar graph, with V = { 1 , ... , n } . Let M = ( m i , j ) be a symmetric n × n matrix with exactly one negative eigenvalue (of multiplicity 1), such that for i , j with i j , if i and j are adjacent then m i , j < 0 and if i and j are nonadjacent then m i , j = 0 , and such that M has rank n - 3 . Then the null space ker M of M gives an embedding of G in S 2 as follows: let { a , b , c } be a basis of ker M , and for i V let ϕ ( i ) : = ( a i , b i , c i ) T ; then ϕ ( i ) 0 , and ψ ( i ) : = ϕ ( i ) / ϕ ( i ) embeds V in S 2 such that connecting, for any two adjacent vertices i , j , the points ψ ( i ) and ψ ( j ) by a shortest geodesic on S 2 , gives...

On the number of dissimilar pfaffian orientations of graphs

Marcelo H. de Carvalho, Cláudio L. Lucchesi, U. S.R. Murty (2010)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

A subgraph H of a graph G is conformal if G - V(H) has a perfect matching. An orientation D of G is Pfaffian if, for every conformal even circuit C, the number of edges of C whose directions in D agree with any prescribed sense of orientation of C is odd. A graph is Pfaffian if it has a Pfaffian orientation. Not every graph is Pfaffian. However, if G has a Pfaffian orientation D, then the determinant of the adjacency matrix of D is the square of the number of perfect matchings of G. (See the book...

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