Let p > 3 be a prime, and let Rₚ be the set of rational numbers whose denominator is not divisible by p. Let Pₙ(x) be the Legendre polynomials. In this paper we mainly show that for m,n,t ∈ Rₚ with m≢ 0 (mod p), $P_{[p/6]}\left(t\right)\equiv -(3/p){\sum }_{x=0}^{p-1}((x³-3x+2t)/p)\left(modp\right)$ and $\left({\sum }_{x=0}^{p-1}((x³+mx+n)/p)\right)²\equiv ((-3m)/p){\sum }_{k=0}^{[p/6]}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2k}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{3k}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{6k}{3k}\right){((4m³+27n²)/\left(12³·4m³\right))}^k\left(modp\right)$, where (a/p) is the Legendre symbol and [x] is the greatest integer function. As an application we solve some conjectures of Z. W. Sun and the author concerning ${\sum }_{k=0}^{p-1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2k}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{3k}{k}\right)\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{6k}{3k}\right)/m^k\left(modp²\right)$, where m is an integer not divisible by p.

For $m\in$, $(m,6)=1$, it is proved the relations between the sums $$W(m,s)=\sum _{i=1,(i,m)=1}^{m-1}{i}^{-s},s\in ,$$ and Bernoulli numbers. The result supplements the known theorems of C. Leudesdorf, N. Rama Rao and others. As the application it is obtained some connections between the sums $W(m,s)$ and Agoh’s functions, Wilson quotients, the indices irregularity of Bernoulli numbers.

The well-known Wolstenholme’s Theorem says that for every prime $p\>3$ the $(p-1)$-st partial sum of the harmonic series is congruent to $0$ modulo $p^2$. If one replaces the harmonic series by ${\sum }_{k\ge 1}1/n^k$ for $k$ even, then the modulus has to be changed from $p^2$ to just $p$. One may consider generalizations of this to multiple harmonic sums (MHS) and alternating multiple harmonic sums (AMHS) which are partial sums of multiple zeta value series and the alternating Euler sums, respectively. A lot of results along this direction...