By a dynamical system $(X,T)$ we mean the action of the semigroup $({\mathbb{Z}}^{+},+)$ on a metrizable topological space $X$ induced by a continuous selfmap $T:X\to X$. Let $M\left(X\right)$ denote the set of all compatible metrics on the space $X$. Our main objective is to show that a selfmap $T$ of a compact space $X$ is a Banach contraction relative to some $d_1\in M\left(X\right)$ if and only if there exists some $d_2\in M\left(X\right)$ which, regarded as a $1$-cocycle of the system $(X,T)\times (X,T)$, is a coboundary.

We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. A function $f:{[0,1]}^m\to X$ is separately increasing if it is increasing in each variable separately. We show that if X is a Banach space that does not contain any isomorphic copy of c₀ or such that X* is separable, then for every separately increasing function $f:{[0,1]}^m\to X$ with respect to any norming subset there exists a separately increasing function $g:{[0,1]}^m\to ℝ$ such that the sets of...

We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. We show that if f: [0,1] → X is an increasing function with respect to a norming subset E of X* with uncountably many points of discontinuity and Q is a countable dense subset of [0,1], then (1) $\overline{linf\left(\right[0,1\left]\right)}$ contains an order isomorphic copy of D(0,1), (2) $\overline{linf\left(Q\right)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of C([0,1]), (3) $\overline{linf\left(\right[0,1\left]\right)}/\overline{linf\left(Q\right)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of c₀(Γ) for some uncountable...

A Banach space X is reflexive if and only if every bounded sequence xₙ in X contains a norm attaining subsequence. This means that it contains a subsequence $x_{n_k}$ for which $su{p}_{f\in S_{X*}}limsu{p}_{k\to \infty }f\left(x_{n_k}\right)$ is attained at some f in the dual unit sphere $S_{X*}$. A Banach space X is not reflexive if and only if it contains a normalized sequence xₙ with the property that for every $f\in S_{X*}$, there exists $g\in S_{X*}$ such that $limsu{p}_{n\to \infty }f\left(xₙ\right)<limin{f}_{n\to \infty }g\left(xₙ\right)$. Combining this with a result of Shafrir, we conclude that every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains an unbounded...

Suppose that A and B are unital Banach algebras with units $1_A$ and $1_B$, respectively, M is a unital Banach A,B-module, $=\left[\begin{array}{cc}A& M\\ 0& B\end{array}\right]$ is the triangular Banach algebra, X is a unital -bimodule, $X_{AA}=1_{A}X{1}_A$, $X_{BB}=1_{B}X{1}_B$, $X_{AB}=1_{A}X{1}_B$ and $X_{BA}=1_{B}X{1}_A$. Applying two nice long exact sequences related to A, B, , X, $X_{AA}$, $X_{BB}$, $X_{AB}$ and $X_{BA}$ we establish some results on (co)homology of triangular Banach algebras.

For the integral equation (1) below we prove the existence on an interval $J=[0,a]$ of a solution $x$ with values in a Banach space $E$, belonging to the class $L^p(J,E)$, $p>1$. Further, the set of solutions is shown to be a compact one in the sense of Aronszajn.

For the integral equation (1) below we prove the existence on an interval $J=[0,a]$ of a solution $x$ with values in a Banach space $E$, belonging to the class $L^p(J,E)$, $p>1$. Further, the set of solutions is shown to be a compact one in the sense of Aronszajn.

The aim of this paper is to extend the framework of the spectral method for proving property (T) to the class of reflexive Banach spaces and present a condition implying that every affine isometric action of a given group $G$ on a reflexive Banach space $X$ has a fixed point. This last property is a strong version of Kazhdan’s property (T) and is equivalent to the fact that $H^1(G,\pi )=0$ for every isometric representation $\pi$ of $G$ on $X$. The condition is expressed in terms of $p$-Poincaré constants and we...

Let G be a locally compact group. We use the canonical operator space structure on the spaces $L^p\left(G\right)$ for p ∈ [1,∞] introduced by G. Pisier to define operator space analogues $O{A}_p\left(G\right)$ of the classical Figà-Talamanca-Herz algebras $A_p\left(G\right)$. If p ∈ (1,∞) is arbitrary, then $A_p\left(G\right)\subset O{A}_p\left(G\right)$ and the inclusion is a contraction; if p = 2, then OA₂(G) ≅ A(G) as Banach spaces, but not necessarily as operator spaces. We show that $O{A}_p\left(G\right)$ is a completely contractive Banach algebra for each p ∈ (1,∞), and that $O{A}_q\left(G\right)\subset O{A}_p\left(G\right)$ completely contractively...

We give a full solution of the following problems concerning the spaces $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$: (i) to what extent two functions φ and ψ should be different in order to ensure that $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)\ne M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ for any nontrivial Banach couple X⃗; (ii) when an embedding $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)⊊M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ can (or cannot) be dense; (iii) which Banach space can be regarded as an $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$-space for some (unknown beforehand) Banach couple X⃗.

Given a Banach space X, for n ∈ ℕ and p ∈ (1,∞) we investigate the smallest constant ∈ (0,∞) for which every n-tuple of functions f₁,...,fₙ: -1,1ⁿ → X satisfies ${\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}\left|\right|{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\partial }_j{f}_j{\left(\epsilon \right)\left|\right|}^{p}d\mu \left(\epsilon \right){\le }^p{\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}{\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}\left|\right|{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\delta }_j\Delta f_j\left(\epsilon \right){\left|\right|}^{p}d\mu \left(\epsilon \right)d\mu \left(\delta \right)$, where μ is the uniform probability measure on the discrete hypercube -1,1ⁿ, and ${{\partial }_j}_{j=1}^n$ and $\Delta ={\sum }_{j=1}^n{\partial }_j$ are the hypercube partial derivatives and the hypercube Laplacian, respectively. Denoting this constant by ${ⁿ}_p\left(X\right)$, we show that ${ⁿ}_p\left(X\right)\le {\sum }_{k=1}^{n}1/k$ for every Banach space (X,||·||). This extends the classical Pisier inequality, which corresponds to the special...

A topological space (T,τ) is said to be fragmented by a metric d on T if each non-empty subset of T has non-empty relatively open subsets of arbitrarily small d-diameter. The basic theorem of the present paper is the following. Let (M,ϱ) be a metric space with ϱ bounded and let D be an arbitrary index set. Then for a compact subset K of the product space $M^D$ the following four conditions are equivalent: (i) K is fragmented by $d_D$, where, for each S ⊂ D, $d_S(x,y)=sup\varrho \left(x\right(t),y(t\left)\right):t\in S$. (ii) For each countable subset...

In this paper we study existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Hammerstein equation $$u\left(x\right)=v\left(x\right)+\lambda {\int }_{I_a^b}K(x,y)f(y,u\left(y\right))dy$$ in the space of function of bounded total $\varphi$-variation in the sense of Hardy-Vitali-Tonelli, where $\lambda \in ℝ$, $K:I_a^b\times I_a^b⟶ℝ$ and $f:I_a^b\times ℝ⟶ℝ$ are suitable functions. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved by means of the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and the Banach contraction mapping principle.

This paper deals with homeomorphisms F: X → Y, between Banach spaces X and Y, which are of the form $F\left(x\right):=F̃x^{(2n+1)}$ where $F̃:X^{2n+1}\to Y$ is a continuous (2n+1)-linear operator.

The Katětov ordering of two maximal almost disjoint (MAD) families $𝒜$ and $ℬ$ is defined as follows: We say that $𝒜{\le }_Kℬ$ if there is a function $f:\omega \to \omega$ such that $f^{-1}\left(A\right)\in ℐ\left(ℬ\right)$ for every $A\in ℐ\left(𝒜\right)$. In [Garcia-Ferreira S., Hrušák M., Ordering MAD families a la Katětov, J. Symbolic Logic 68 (2003), 1337–1353] a MAD family is called $K$-uniform if for every $X\in ℐ{\left(𝒜\right)}^{+}$, we have that ${𝒜|}_X{\le }_K𝒜$. We prove that CH implies that for every $K$-uniform MAD family $𝒜$ there is a $P$-point $p$ of ${\omega }^{*}$ such that the set of all Rudin-Keisler predecessors of $p$ is dense...

Let $X$ be an arbitrary hyperbolic geodesic metric space and let $\Gamma$ be a countable subgroup of the isometry group $\mathrm{Iso}\left(X\right)$ of $X$. We show that if $\Gamma$ is non-elementary and weakly acylindrical (this is a weak properness condition) then the second bounded cohomology groups $H_b^2(\Gamma ,ℝ)$, $H_b^2(\Gamma ,{\ell }^p\left(\Gamma \right))$ $(1<p<\infty )$ are infinite dimensional. Our result holds for example for any subgroup of the mapping class group of a non-exceptional surface of finite type not containing a normal subgroup which virtually splits as a direct...

Let $M$ be any compact simply-connected oriented $d$-dimensional smooth manifold and let $𝔽$ be any field. We show that the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology on the singular cochains of $M$, $H{H}^{*}(S^{*}\left(M\right),S^{*}\left(M\right))$, extends to a Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra. Such Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra was conjectured to exist and is expected to be isomorphic to the Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra on the free loop space homology on $M$, $H_{*+d}\left(LM\right)$ introduced by Chas and Sullivan. We also show that the negative cyclic...

Bessaga and Pełczyński showed that if c₀ embeds in the dual X* of a Banach space X, then ℓ¹ embeds complementably in X, and ${\ell }^{\infty }$ embeds as a subspace of X*. In this note the Diestel-Faires theorem and techniques of Kalton are used to show that if X is an infinite-dimensional Banach space, Y is an arbitrary Banach space, and c₀ embeds in L(X,Y), then ${\ell }^{\infty }$ embeds in L(X,Y), and ℓ¹ embeds complementably in $X{\otimes }_{\gamma }Y*$. Applications to embeddings of c₀ in various spaces of operators are given.

Denote by any set of cardinality continuum. It is proved that a Banach algebra A with the property that for every collection $a_{\alpha }:\alpha \in \subset A$ there exist α ≠ β ∈ such that $a_{\alpha }\in a_{\beta }{A}^{}$ is isomorphic to ${⨁}_{i=1}^r(ℂ\left[X\right]/X^{d_i}ℂ\left[X\right])\oplus E$, where $d₁,...,d_r\in \mathbb{N}$, and E is either $Xℂ\left[X\right]/X^{d₀}ℂ\left[X\right]$ for some d₀ ∈ ℕ or a 1-dimensional ${⨁}_{i=1}^rℂ\left[X\right]/X^{d_i}ℂ\left[X\right]$-bimodule with trivial right module action. In particular, ℂ is the unique non-zero prime Banach algebra satisfying the above condition.