On the range of the derivative of a real-valued function with bounded support

T. Gaspari

Displaying similar documents to “On the range of the derivative of a real-valued function with bounded support”

James boundaries and σ-fragmented selectors

B. Cascales, M. Muñoz, J. Orihuela (2008)

Studia Mathematica

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We study the boundary structure for w*-compact subsets of dual Banach spaces. To be more precise, for a Banach space X, 0 < ϵ < 1 and a subset T of the dual space X* such that ⋃ B(t,ϵ): t ∈ T contains a James boundary for $B_{X *}$ we study different kinds of conditions on T, besides T being countable, which ensure that $X * = {\bar{s p a n T}}^{| | \cdot | |}$ . (SP) We analyze two different non-separable cases where the equality (SP) holds: (a) if $J : X \to 2^{B_{X *}}$ is the duality mapping and there exists a σ-fragmented map f: X → X* such that...

On Some Properties of Separately Increasing Functions from [0,1]ⁿ into a Banach Space

Artur Michalak (2014)

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. A function $f : {[0, 1]}^{m} \to X$ is separately increasing if it is increasing in each variable separately. We show that if X is a Banach space that does not contain any isomorphic copy of c₀ or such that X* is separable, then for every separately increasing function $f : {[0, 1]}^{m} \to X$ with respect to any norming subset there exists a separately increasing function $g : {[0, 1]}^{m} \to ℝ$ such that the sets of...

Using boundaries to find smooth norms

Victor Bible (2014)

Studia Mathematica

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The aim of this paper is to present a tool used to show that certain Banach spaces can be endowed with $C^{k}$ smooth equivalent norms. The hypothesis uses particular countable decompositions of certain subsets of $B_{X *}$ , namely boundaries. Of interest is that the main result unifies two quite well known results. In the final section, some new corollaries are given.

Geometry of Banach spaces and biorthogonal systems

S. Dilworth, Maria Girardi, W. Johnson (2000)

Studia Mathematica

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A separable Banach space X contains $ℓ_{1}$ isomorphically if and only if X has a bounded fundamental total $w c_{0} *$ -stable biorthogonal system. The dual of a separable Banach space X fails the Schur property if and only if X has a bounded fundamental total $w c_{0} *$ -biorthogonal system.

Every separable Banach space has a basis with uniformly controlled permutations

Paolo Terenzi

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There exists a universal control sequence ${p ̅ (m)}_{m = 1}^{\infty}$ of increasing positive integers such that: Every infinite-dimensional separable Banach space X has a biorthogonal system xₙ,xₙ* with ||xₙ|| = 1 and ||xₙ*|| < K for each n such that, for each x ∈ X, $x = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} x_{π (n)} * (x) x_{π (n)}$ where π(n) is a permutation of n which depends on x but is uniformly controlled by ${p ̅ (m)}_{m = 1}^{\infty}$ , that is, $n_{n = 1}^{m} \subseteq π {(n)}_{n = 1}^{p ̅ (m)} \subseteq n_{n = 1}^{p ̅ (m + 1)}$ for each m.

On monotonic functions from the unit interval into a Banach space with uncountable sets of points of discontinuity

Artur Michalak (2003)

Studia Mathematica

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We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. We show that if f: [0,1] → X is an increasing function with respect to a norming subset E of X* with uncountably many points of discontinuity and Q is a countable dense subset of [0,1], then (1) $\bar{l i n f ([0, 1])}$ contains an order isomorphic copy of D(0,1), (2) $\bar{l i n f (Q)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of C([0,1]), (3) $\bar{l i n f ([0, 1])} / \bar{l i n f (Q)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of c₀(Γ) for some uncountable...

Reflexivity and approximate fixed points

Eva Matoušková, Simeon Reich (2003)

Studia Mathematica

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A Banach space X is reflexive if and only if every bounded sequence xₙ in X contains a norm attaining subsequence. This means that it contains a subsequence $x_{n_{k}}$ for which $s u p_{f \in S_{X *}} l i m s u p_{k \to \infty} f (x_{n_{k}})$ is attained at some f in the dual unit sphere $S_{X *}$ . A Banach space X is not reflexive if and only if it contains a normalized sequence xₙ with the property that for every $f \in S_{X *}$ , there exists $g \in S_{X *}$ such that $l i m s u p_{n \to \infty} f (x ₙ) < l i m i n f_{n \to \infty} g (x ₙ)$ . Combining this with a result of Shafrir, we conclude that every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains an unbounded...

Banach spaces of bounded Szlenk index

E. Odell, Th. Schlumprecht, A. Zsák (2007)

Studia Mathematica

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For a countable ordinal α we denote by $_{α}$ the class of separable, reflexive Banach spaces whose Szlenk index and the Szlenk index of their dual are bounded by α. We show that each $_{α}$ admits a separable, reflexive universal space. We also show that spaces in the class $_{ω^{α \cdot ω}}$ embed into spaces of the same class with a basis. As a consequence we deduce that each $_{α}$ is analytic in the Effros-Borel structure of subspaces of C[0,1].

An extension of Mazur's theorem on Gateaux differentiability to the class of strongly α (·)-paraconvex functions

S. Rolewicz (2006)

Studia Mathematica

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Let (X,||·||) be a separable real Banach space. Let f be a real-valued strongly α(·)-paraconvex function defined on an open convex subset Ω ⊂ X, i.e. such that $f (t x + (1 - t) y) \leq t f (x) + (1 - t) f (y) + m i n [t, (1 - t)] α (| | x - y | |)$ . Then there is a dense $G_{δ}$ -set $A_{G} \subset Ω$ such that f is Gateaux differentiable at every point of $A_{G}$ .

On the Extension of Certain Maps with Values in Spheres

Carlos Biasi, Alice K. M. Libardi, Pedro L. Q. Pergher, Stanisław Spież (2008)

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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Let E be an oriented, smooth and closed m-dimensional manifold with m ≥ 2 and V ⊂ E an oriented, connected, smooth and closed (m-2)-dimensional submanifold which is homologous to zero in E. Let $S^{n - 2} \subset S ⁿ$ be the standard inclusion, where Sⁿ is the n-sphere and n ≥ 3. We prove the following extension result: if $h : V \to S^{n - 2}$ is a smooth map, then h extends to a smooth map g: E → Sⁿ transverse to $S^{n - 2}$ and with $g^{- 1} (S^{n - 2}) = V$ . Using this result, we give a new and simpler proof of a theorem of Carlos Biasi related to the ambiental...

Are All Smooth Solutions of Euclidean $S U (2)$ -Yang-Mills Equations Selfdual or Antiselfdual?

R. Flume (1979)

Recherche Coopérative sur Programme n°25

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$Z ₂^{k}$ -actions with a special fixed point set

Pedro L. Q. Pergher, Rogério de Oliveira (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let Fⁿ be a connected, smooth and closed n-dimensional manifold satisfying the following property: if $N^{m}$ is any smooth and closed m-dimensional manifold with m > n and $T : N^{m} \to N^{m}$ is a smooth involution whose fixed point set is Fⁿ, then m = 2n. We describe the equivariant cobordism classification of smooth actions $(M^{m}; Φ)$ of the group $G = Z ₂^{k}$ on closed smooth m-dimensional manifolds $M^{m}$ for which the fixed point set of the action is a submanifold Fⁿ with the above property. This generalizes a result of F....

On the Aronszajn property for integral equations in Banach space

Stanisław Szufla (1989)

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti

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For the integral equation (1) below we prove the existence on an interval $J=[0,a]$ of a solution $x$ with values in a Banach space $E$ , belonging to the class $L^{p}(J,E)$ , $p>1$ . Further, the set of solutions is shown to be a compact one in the sense of Aronszajn.

Modifications of the double arrow space and related Banach spaces C(K)

Witold Marciszewski (2008)

Studia Mathematica

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We consider the class of compact spaces $K_{A}$ which are modifications of the well known double arrow space. The space $K_{A}$ is obtained from a closed subset K of the unit interval [0,1] by “splitting” points from a subset A ⊂ K. The class of all such spaces coincides with the class of separable linearly ordered compact spaces. We prove some results on the topological classification of $K_{A}$ spaces and on the isomorphic classification of the Banach spaces $C (K_{A})$ .

A Lipschitz function which is $C^{\infty}$ on a.e. line need not be generically differentiable

Luděk Zajíček (2013)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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We construct a Lipschitz function f on X = ℝ ² such that, for each 0 ≠ v ∈ X, the function f is $C^{\infty}$ smooth on a.e. line parallel to v and f is Gâteaux non-differentiable at all points of X except a first category set. Consequently, the same holds if X (with dimX > 1) is an arbitrary Banach space and “a.e.” has any usual “measure sense”. This example gives an answer to a natural question concerning the author’s recent study of linearly essentially smooth functions (which generalize essentially...

Spaces of operators and c₀

P. Lewis (2001)

Studia Mathematica

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Bessaga and Pełczyński showed that if c₀ embeds in the dual X* of a Banach space X, then ℓ¹ embeds complementably in X, and $ℓ^{\infty}$ embeds as a subspace of X*. In this note the Diestel-Faires theorem and techniques of Kalton are used to show that if X is an infinite-dimensional Banach space, Y is an arbitrary Banach space, and c₀ embeds in L(X,Y), then $ℓ^{\infty}$ embeds in L(X,Y), and ℓ¹ embeds complementably in $X \otimes_{γ} Y *$ . Applications to embeddings of c₀ in various spaces of operators are given.

On the Aronszajn property for integral equations in Banach space

Stanisław Szufla (1989)

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti Lincei. Matematica e Applicazioni

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On the size of the sets of gradients of bump functions and starlike bodies on the Hilbert space

Daniel Azagra, Mar Jiménez-Sevilla (2002)

Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France

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We study the size of the sets of gradients of bump functions on the Hilbert space $ℓ_{2}$ , and the related question as to how small the set of tangent hyperplanes to a smooth bounded starlike body in $ℓ_{2}$ can be. We find that those sets can be quite small. On the one hand, the usual norm of the Hilbert space $ℓ_{2}$ can be uniformly approximated by $C^{1}$ smooth Lipschitz functions $ψ$ so that the cones generated by the ranges of its derivatives $ψ^{'} (ℓ_{2})$ have empty interior. This implies that there are $C^{1}$ smooth...

On some properties of generalized Marcinkiewicz spaces

Evgeniy Pustylnik (2001)

Studia Mathematica

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We give a full solution of the following problems concerning the spaces $M_{φ} (X ⃗)$ : (i) to what extent two functions φ and ψ should be different in order to ensure that $M_{φ} (X ⃗) \neq M_{ψ} (X ⃗)$ for any nontrivial Banach couple X⃗; (ii) when an embedding $M_{φ} (X ⃗) ⊊ M_{ψ} (X ⃗)$ can (or cannot) be dense; (iii) which Banach space can be regarded as an $M_{φ} (X ⃗)$ -space for some (unknown beforehand) Banach couple X⃗.

Pisier's inequality revisited

Tuomas Hytönen, Assaf Naor (2013)

Studia Mathematica

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Given a Banach space X, for n ∈ ℕ and p ∈ (1,∞) we investigate the smallest constant ∈ (0,∞) for which every n-tuple of functions f₁,...,fₙ: -1,1ⁿ → X satisfies $\int_{- 1, 1 ⁿ} | | \sum_{j = 1}^{n} \partial_{j} f_{j} {(ε) | |}^{p} d μ (ε) \leq^{p} \int_{- 1, 1 ⁿ} \int_{- 1, 1 ⁿ} | | \sum_{j = 1}^{n} δ_{j} Δ f_{j} (ε) {| |}^{p} d μ (ε) d μ (δ)$ , where μ is the uniform probability measure on the discrete hypercube -1,1ⁿ, and ${\partial_{j}}_{j = 1}^{n}$ and $Δ = \sum_{j = 1}^{n} \partial_{j}$ are the hypercube partial derivatives and the hypercube Laplacian, respectively. Denoting this constant by $ⁿ_{p} (X)$ , we show that $ⁿ_{p} (X) \leq \sum_{k = 1}^{n} 1 / k$ for every Banach space (X,||·||). This extends the classical Pisier inequality, which corresponds to the special...

On Banach spaces C(K) isomorphic to c₀(Γ)

Witold Marciszewski (2003)

Studia Mathematica

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We give a characterization of compact spaces K such that the Banach space C(K) is isomorphic to the space c₀(Γ) for some set Γ. As an application we show that there exists an Eberlein compact space K of weight $ω_{ω}$ and with the third derived set $K^{(3)}$ empty such that the space C(K) is not isomorphic to any c₀(Γ). For this compactum K, the spaces C(K) and $c ₀ (ω_{ω})$ are examples of weakly compactly generated (WCG) Banach spaces which are Lipschitz isomorphic but not isomorphic.

$ℓ_{\infty}$ -sums and the Banach space $ℓ_{\infty} / c ₀$

Christina Brech, Piotr Koszmider (2014)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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This paper is concerned with the isomorphic structure of the Banach space $ℓ_{\infty} / c ₀$ and how it depends on combinatorial tools whose existence is consistent with but not provable from the usual axioms of ZFC. Our main global result is that it is consistent that $ℓ_{\infty} / c ₀$ does not have an orthogonal $ℓ_{\infty}$ -decomposition, that is, it is not of the form $ℓ_{\infty} (X)$ for any Banach space X. The main local result is that it is consistent that $ℓ_{\infty} (c ₀ ())$ does not embed isomorphically into $ℓ_{\infty} / c ₀$ , where is the cardinality of the continuum,...

On the H-property and rotundity of Cesàro direct sums of Banach spaces

Saard Youyen, Suthep Suantai (2008)

Banach Center Publications

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In this paper, we define the direct sum ${(⨁_{i = 1}^{n} X_{i})}_{c e s_{p}}$ of Banach spaces X₁,X₂,..., and Xₙ and consider it equipped with the Cesàro p-norm when 1 ≤ p < ∞. We show that ${(⨁_{i = 1}^{n} X_{i})}_{c e s_{p}}$ has the H-property if and only if each $X_{i}$ has the H-property, and ${(⨁_{i = 1}^{n} X_{i})}_{c e s_{p}}$ has the Schur property if and only if each $X_{i}$ has the Schur property. Moreover, we also show that ${(⨁_{i = 1}^{n} X_{i})}_{c e s_{p}}$ is rotund if and only if each $X_{i}$ is rotund.

On diffeomorphisms deleting weak compacta in Banach spaces

Daniel Azagra, Alejandro Montesinos (2004)

Studia Mathematica

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We prove that if X is an infinite-dimensional Banach space with $C^{p}$ smooth partitions of unity then X and X∖ K are $C^{p}$ diffeomorphic for every weakly compact set K ⊂ X.

A theorem of Gel'fand-Mazur type

Hung Le Pham (2009)

Studia Mathematica

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Denote by any set of cardinality continuum. It is proved that a Banach algebra A with the property that for every collection $a_{α} : α \in \subset A$ there exist α ≠ β ∈ such that $a_{α} \in a_{β} A^{}$ is isomorphic to $⨁_{i = 1}^{r} (ℂ [X] / X^{d_{i}} ℂ [X]) \oplus E$ , where $d ₁, . . ., d_{r} \in ℕ$ , and E is either $X ℂ [X] / X^{d ₀} ℂ [X]$ for some d₀ ∈ ℕ or a 1-dimensional $⨁_{i = 1}^{r} ℂ [X] / X^{d_{i}} ℂ [X]$ -bimodule with trivial right module action. In particular, ℂ is the unique non-zero prime Banach algebra satisfying the above condition.

Denseness and Borel complexity of some sets of vector measures

Zbigniew Lipecki (2004)

Studia Mathematica

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Let ν be a positive measure on a σ-algebra Σ of subsets of some set and let X be a Banach space. Denote by ca(Σ,X) the Banach space of X-valued measures on Σ, equipped with the uniform norm, and by ca(Σ,ν,X) its closed subspace consisting of those measures which vanish at every ν-null set. We are concerned with the subsets $_{ν} (X)$ and $_{ν} (X)$ of ca(Σ,X) defined by the conditions |φ| = ν and |φ| ≥ ν, respectively, where |φ| stands for the variation of φ ∈ ca(Σ,X). We establish necessary and sufficient...

Generalized gradients for locally Lipschitz integral functionals on non- $L^{p}$ -type spaces of measurable functions

Hôǹg Thái Nguyêñ, Dariusz Pączka (2008)

Banach Center Publications

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Let (Ω,μ) be a measure space, E be an arbitrary separable Banach space, $E *_{ω *}$ be the dual equipped with the weak* topology, and g:Ω × E → ℝ be a Carathéodory function which is Lipschitz continuous on each ball of E for almost all s ∈ Ω. Put $G (x) : = \int_{Ω} g (s, x (s)) d μ (s)$ . Consider the integral functional G defined on some non- $L^{p}$ -type Banach space X of measurable functions x: Ω → E. We present several general theorems on sufficient conditions under which any element γ ∈ X* of Clarke’s generalized gradient (multivalued...

Generalized α-variation and Lebesgue equivalence to differentiable functions

Jakub Duda (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We find conditions on a real function f:[a,b] → ℝ equivalent to being Lebesgue equivalent to an n-times differentiable function (n ≥ 2); a simple solution in the case n = 2 appeared in an earlier paper. For that purpose, we introduce the notions of $C B V G_{1 / n}$ and $S B V G_{1 / n}$ functions, which play analogous rôles for the nth order differentiability to the classical notion of a VBG⁎ function for the first order differentiability, and the classes $C B V_{1 / n}$ and $S B V_{1 / n}$ (introduced by Preiss and Laczkovich) for Cⁿ smoothness....

Boundedness of sublinear operators in Triebel-Lizorkin spaces via atoms

Liguang Liu, Dachun Yang (2009)

Studia Mathematica

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Let s ∈ ℝ, p ∈ (0,1] and q ∈ [p,∞). It is proved that a sublinear operator T uniquely extends to a bounded sublinear operator from the Triebel-Lizorkin space $Ḟ_{p, q}^{s} (ℝ ⁿ)$ to a quasi-Banach space ℬ if and only if sup ${| | T (a) | |}_{ℬ}$ : a is an infinitely differentiable (p,q,s)-atom of $Ḟ_{p, q}^{s} (ℝ ⁿ)$ < ∞, where the (p,q,s)-atom of $Ḟ_{p, q}^{s} (ℝ ⁿ)$ is as defined by Han, Paluszyński and Weiss.

A note on a class of homeomorphisms between Banach spaces

Piotr Fijałkowski (2005)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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This paper deals with homeomorphisms F: X → Y, between Banach spaces X and Y, which are of the form $F (x) : = F ̃ x^{(2 n + 1)}$ where $F ̃ : X^{2 n + 1} \to Y$ is a continuous (2n+1)-linear operator.

Integral equalities for functions of unbounded spectral operators in Banach spaces

Benedetto Silvestri

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The work is dedicated to investigating a limiting procedure for extending “local” integral operator equalities to “global” ones in the sense explained below, and to applying it to obtaining generalizations of the Newton-Leibniz formula for operator-valued functions for a wide class of unbounded operators. The integral equalities considered have the form $g (R_{F}) \int f_{x} (R_{F}) d μ (x) = h (R_{F})$ . (1) They involve functions of the kind $X ∋ x \mapsto f_{x} (R_{F}) \in B (F)$ , where X is a general locally compact space, F runs over a suitable class of Banach subspaces...

The Lindelöf property in Banach spaces

B. Cascales, I. Namioka, J. Orihuela (2003)

Studia Mathematica

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A topological space (T,τ) is said to be fragmented by a metric d on T if each non-empty subset of T has non-empty relatively open subsets of arbitrarily small d-diameter. The basic theorem of the present paper is the following. Let (M,ϱ) be a metric space with ϱ bounded and let D be an arbitrary index set. Then for a compact subset K of the product space $M^{D}$ the following four conditions are equivalent: (i) K is fragmented by $d_{D}$ , where, for each S ⊂ D, $d_{S} (x, y) = s u p ϱ (x (t), y (t)) : t \in S$ . (ii) For each countable subset...

Non-regularity for Banach function algebras

J. Feinstein, D. Somerset (2000)

Studia Mathematica

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Let A be a unital Banach function algebra with character space $Φ_{A}$ . For $x \in Φ_{A}$ , let $M_{x}$ and $J_{x}$ be the ideals of functions vanishing at x and in a neighbourhood of x, respectively. It is shown that the hull of $J_{x}$ is connected, and that if x does not belong to the Shilov boundary of A then the set $y \in Φ_{A} : M_{x} \supseteq J_{y}$ has an infinite connected subset. Various related results are given.

The extension of the Krein-Šmulian theorem for order-continuous Banach lattices

Antonio S. Granero, Marcos Sánchez (2008)

Banach Center Publications

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If X is a Banach space and C ⊂ X a convex subset, for x** ∈ X** and A ⊂ X** let d(x**,C) = inf||x**-x||: x ∈ C be the distance from x** to C and d̂(A,C) = supd(a,C): a ∈ A. Among other things, we prove that if X is an order-continuous Banach lattice and K is a w*-compact subset of X** we have: (i) $d ̂ ({\bar{c o}}^{w *} (K), X) \leq 2 d ̂ (K, X)$ and, if K ∩ X is w*-dense in K, then $d ̂ ({\bar{c o}}^{w *} (K), X) = d ̂ (K, X)$ ; (ii) if X fails to have a copy of ℓ₁(ℵ₁), then $d ̂ ({\bar{c o}}^{w *} (K), X) = d ̂ (K, X)$ ; (iii) if X has a 1-symmetric basis, then $d ̂ ({\bar{c o}}^{w *} (K), X) = d ̂ (K, X)$ .

Essentially Incomparable Banach Spaces of Continuous Functions

Rogério Augusto dos Santos Fajardo (2010)

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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We construct, under Axiom ♢, a family ${(C (K_{ξ}))}_{ξ < 2^{(2^{ω})}}$ of indecomposable Banach spaces with few operators such that every operator from $C (K_{ξ})$ into $C (K_{η})$ is weakly compact, for all ξ ≠ η. In particular, these spaces are pairwise essentially incomparable. Assuming no additional set-theoretic axiom, we obtain this result with size $2^{ω}$ instead of $2^{(2^{ω})}$ .

Unicellularity of the multiplication operator on Banach spaces of formal power series

B. Yousefi (2001)

Studia Mathematica

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Let ${β (n)}_{n = 0}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of positive numbers and 1 ≤ p < ∞. We consider the space $ℓ^{p} (β)$ of all power series $f (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} f ̂ (n) z ⁿ$ such that $\sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} {| f ̂ (n) |}^{p} {| β (n) |}^{p} < \infty$ . We give some sufficient conditions for the multiplication operator, $M_{z}$ , to be unicellular on the Banach space $ℓ^{p} (β)$ . This generalizes the main results obtained by Lu Fang [1].

Approximate and $L^{p}$ Peano derivatives of nonintegral order

J. Marshall Ash, Hajrudin Fejzić (2005)

Studia Mathematica

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Let n be a nonnegative integer and let u ∈ (n,n+1]. We say that f is u-times Peano bounded in the approximate (resp. $L^{p}$ , 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞) sense at $x \in ℝ^{m}$ if there are numbers $f_{α} (x)$ , |α| ≤ n, such that $f (x + h) - \sum_{| α | \leq n} f_{α} (x) h^{α} / α!$ is $O (h^{u})$ in the approximate (resp. $L^{p}$ ) sense as h → 0. Suppose f is u-times Peano bounded in either the approximate or $L^{p}$ sense at each point of a bounded measurable set E. Then for every ε > 0 there is a perfect set Π ⊂ E and a smooth function g such that the Lebesgue measure of E∖Π is less than ε and...

Decompositions for real Banach spaces with small spaces of operators

Manuel González, José M. Herrera (2007)

Studia Mathematica

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We consider real Banach spaces X for which the quotient algebra (X)/ℐn(X) is finite-dimensional, where ℐn(X) stands for the ideal of inessential operators on X. We show that these spaces admit a decomposition as a finite direct sum of indecomposable subspaces $X_{i}$ for which $(X_{i}) / ℐ n (X_{i})$ is isomorphic as a real algebra to either the real numbers ℝ, the complex numbers ℂ, or the quaternion numbers ℍ. Moreover, the set of subspaces $X_{i}$ can be divided into subsets in such a way that if $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ are in different...

A characterization of complex $L_{1}$ -preduals via a complex barycentric mapping

Petr Petráček, Jiří Spurný (2016)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We provide a complex version of a theorem due to Bednar and Lacey characterizing real $L_{1}$ -preduals. Hence we prove a characterization of complex $L_{1}$ -preduals via a complex barycentric mapping.