The results of the first part concern the existence of higher order ℓ₁ spreading models in asymptotic ℓ₁ Banach spaces. We sketch the proof of the fact that the mixed Tsirelson space T[(ₙ,θₙ)ₙ], ${\theta }_{n+m}\ge \theta ₙ\theta ₘ$ and $li{m}_n\theta {ₙ}^{1/n}=1$, admits an $\ell {₁}^{\omega }$ spreading model in every block subspace. We also prove that if X is a Banach space with a basis, with the property that there exists a sequence (θₙ)ₙ ⊂ (0,1) with $li{m}_n\theta {ₙ}^{1/n}=1$, such that, for every n ∈ ℕ, $\left|\right|{\sum }_{k=1}^m{x}_k\left|\right|\ge \theta ₙ{\sum }_{k=1}^m\left|\right|x_k\left|\right|$ for every ₙ-admissible block sequence ${\left(x_k\right)}_{k=1}^m$ of vectors in X, then there exists c...

Given an o-minimal expansion ℳ of a real closed field R which is not polynomially bounded. Let ${}^{\infty }$ denote the definable indefinitely Peano differentiable functions. If we further assume that ℳ admits ${}^{\infty }$ cell decomposition, each definable closed subset A of Rⁿ is the zero-set of a ${}^{\infty }$ function f:Rⁿ → R. This implies ${}^{\infty }$ approximation of definable continuous functions and gluing of ${}^{\infty }$ functions defined on closed definable sets.

The aim of this paper is to show that for every Banach space $(X,\parallel ·\parallel )$ containing asymptotically isometric copy of the space $c_0$ there is a bounded, closed and convex set $C\subset X$ with the Chebyshev radius $r\left(C\right)=1$ such that for every $k\ge 1$ there exists a $k$-contractive mapping $T:C\to C$ with $\parallel x-Tx\parallel >1-1/k$ for any $x\in C$.

We first show that the Gaussian integral means of $f:ℂ\to ℂ$ (with respect to the area measure ${\mathrm{e}}^{-{\alpha \left|z\right|}^2}\mathrm{d}A\left(z\right)$) is a convex function of $r$ on $(0,\infty )$ when $\alpha \le 0$. We then prove that the weighted integral means $A_{\alpha ,\beta }(f,r)$ and $L_{\alpha ,\beta }(f,r)$ of the mixed area and the mixed length of $f\left(r𝔻\right)$ and $\partial f\left(r𝔻\right)$, respectively, also have the property of convexity in the case of $\alpha \le 0$. Finally, we show with examples that the range $\alpha \le 0$ is the best possible.

We consider linear elliptic equations $-\Delta u+q\left(x\right)u=\lambda u+f$ in bounded Lipschitz domains $D\subset {ℝ}^N$ with mixed boundary conditions $\partial u/\partial n=\sigma \left(x\right)\lambda u+g$ on $\partial D$. The main feature of this boundary value problem is the appearance of $\lambda$ both in the equation and in the boundary condition. In general we make no assumption on the sign of the coefficient $\sigma \left(x\right)$. We study positivity principles and anti-maximum principles. One of our main results states that if $\sigma$ is somewhere negative, $q\ge 0$ and ${\int }_{D}q\left(x\right)dx>0$ then there exist two eigenvalues ${\lambda }_{-1}$, ${\lambda }_1$ such the positivity...

We consider the equation $$-y^{\text{'}}\left(x\right)+q\left(x\right)y(x-\varphi \left(x\right))=f\left(x\right),x\in ℝ,$$ where $\varphi$ and $q$ ($q\ge 1$) are positive continuous functions for all $x\in ℝ$ and $f\in C\left(ℝ\right)$. By a solution of the equation we mean any function $y$, continuously differentiable everywhere in $ℝ$, which satisfies the equation for all $x\in ℝ$. We show that under certain additional conditions on the functions $\varphi$ and $q$, the above equation has a unique solution $y$, satisfying the inequality $$\parallel y^{\text{'}}{\parallel }_{C\left(ℝ\right)}+{\parallel qy\parallel }_{C\left(ℝ\right)}\le c{\parallel f\parallel }_{C\left(ℝ\right)},$$ where the constant $c\in (0,\infty )$ does not depend on the choice of $f$.

Given a bounded open set $\Omega$ in ${ℝ}^n$ (or in a Riemannian manifold) and a partition of $\Omega$ by $k$ open sets $D_j$, we consider the quantity ${\mathrm{𝚖𝚊𝚡}}_j\lambda \left(D_j\right)$ where $\lambda \left(D_j\right)$ is the ground state energy of the Dirichlet realization of the Laplacian in $D_j$. If we denote by ${ℒ}_k\left(\Omega \right)$ the infimum over all the $k$-partitions of ${\mathrm{𝚖𝚊𝚡}}_j\lambda \left(D_j\right)$, a minimal $k$-partition is then a partition which realizes the infimum. When $k=2$, we find the two nodal domains of a second eigenfunction, but the analysis of higher $k$’s is non trivial and quite interesting. In this...

Let $G$ be a finite group and $H$ a subgroup. Denote by $D(G;H)$ (or $D\left(G\right)$) the crossed product of $C\left(G\right)$ and $ℂH$ (or $ℂG$) with respect to the adjoint action of the latter on the former. Consider the algebra $\langle D\left(G\right),e\rangle$ generated by $D\left(G\right)$ and $e$, where we regard $E$ as an idempotent operator $e$ on $D\left(G\right)$ for a certain conditional expectation $E$ of $D\left(G\right)$ onto $D(G;H)$. Let us call $\langle D\left(G\right),e\rangle$ the basic construction from the conditional expectation $E:D\left(G\right)\to D(G;H)$. The paper constructs a crossed product algebra $C(G/H\times G)⋊ℂG$, and proves that there is an algebra isomorphism between...

For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, let $K_{w^{*}}(X^{*},Y)$ denote the space of all $w^{*}-w$ continuous compact operators from $X^{*}$ to $Y$ endowed with the operator norm. A Banach space $X$ has the $wGP$ property if every Grothendieck subset of $X$ is relatively weakly compact. In this paper we study Banach spaces with property $wGP$. We investigate whether the spaces $K_{w^{*}}(X^{*},Y)$ and $X{\otimes }_{ϵ}Y$ have the $wGP$ property, when $X$ and $Y$ have the $wGP$ property.

Let ${\Phi }_1,...,{\Phi }_{k+1}$ (with $k\ge 1$) be vector fields of class $C^k$ in an open set $U{\subset }^{N+m}$, let $𝕄$ be a $N$-dimensional $C^k$ submanifold of $U$ and define $$𝕋:=\{z\in 𝕄:{\Phi }_1\left(z\right),...,{\Phi }_{k+1}\left(z\right)\in T_z𝕄\}$$ where $T_z𝕄$ is the tangent space to $𝕄$ at $z$. Then we expect the following property, which is obvious in the special case when $z_0$ is an interior point (relative to $𝕄$) of $𝕋$: If $z_0\in 𝕄$ is a $(N+k)$-density point (relative to $𝕄$) of $𝕋$ then all the iterated Lie brackets of order less or equal to $k$ $${\Phi }_{i_1}\left(z_0\right),[{\Phi }_{i_1},{\Phi }_{i_2}]\left(z_0\right),[[{\Phi }_{i_1},{\Phi }_{i_2}],{\Phi }_{i_3}]\left(z_0\right),...(h,i_h\le k+1)$$ belong to $T_{z_0}𝕄$. Such a property has been proved in [9] for $k=1$ and its proof in the...

Let $k\ge 2$ and let ${\left(P_n^{\left(k\right)}\right)}_{n\ge 2-k}$ be the $k$-generalized Pell sequence defined by $$P_n^{\left(k\right)}=2P_{n-1}^{\left(k\right)}+P_{n-2}^{\left(k\right)}+\cdots +P_{n-k}^{\left(k\right)}$$ for $n\ge 2$ with initial conditions $$P_{-(k-2)}^{\left(k\right)}=P_{-(k-3)}^{\left(k\right)}=\cdots =P_{-1}^{\left(k\right)}=P_0^{\left(k\right)}=0,P_1^{\left(k\right)}=1.$$ In this study, we handle the equation $P_n^{\left(k\right)}=y^m$ in positive integers $n$, $m$, $y$, $k$ such that $k,y\ge 2,$ and give an upper bound on $n.$ Also, we will show that the equation $P_n^{\left(k\right)}=y^m$ with $2\le y\le 1000$ has only one solution given by $P_7^{\left(2\right)}={13}^2.$

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $p\>0$. Let $D_m$ be a ${BT}_m$ over $k$ (i.e., an $m$-truncated Barsotti–Tate group over $k$). Let $S$ be a $k$-scheme and let $X$ be a ${BT}_m$ over $S$. Let $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)$ be the subscheme of $S$ which describes the locus where $X$ is locally for the fppf topology isomorphic to $D_m$. If $p\ge 5$, we show that $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)$ is pure in $S$, i.e. the immersion $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)\hookrightarrow S$ is affine. For $p\in \{2,3\}$, we prove purity if $D_m$ satisfies a certain technical property depending only on its $p$-torsion $D_m\left[p\right]$. For $p\ge 5$, we apply the developed techniques to show that...