Sub-Laplacian with drift in nilpotent Lie groups

Camillo Melzi

Displaying similar documents to “Sub-Laplacian with drift in nilpotent Lie groups”

Leibniz's rule on two-step nilpotent Lie groups

Krystian Bekała (2016)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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Let be a nilpotent Lie algebra which is also regarded as a homogeneous Lie group with the Campbell-Hausdorff multiplication. This allows us to define a generalized multiplication $f g = {(f^{\lor} * g^{\lor})}^{\land}$ of two functions in the Schwartz class (*), where $^{\lor}$ and $^{\land}$ are the Abelian Fourier transforms on the Lie algebra and on the dual * and ∗ is the convolution on the group . In the operator analysis on nilpotent Lie groups an important notion is the one of symbolic calculus which can be viewed as a higher order...

The evolution and Poisson kernels on nilpotent meta-abelian groups

Richard Penney, Roman Urban (2013)

Studia Mathematica

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Let S be a semidirect product S = N⋊ A where N is a connected and simply connected, non-abelian, nilpotent meta-abelian Lie group and A is isomorphic to $ℝ^{k}$ , k>1. We consider a class of second order left-invariant differential operators on S of the form $ℒ_{α} = L^{a} + Δ_{α}$ , where $α \in ℝ^{k}$ , and for each $a \in ℝ^{k}, L^{a}$ is left-invariant second order differential operator on N and $Δ_{α} = Δ - ⟨ α, \nabla ⟩$ , where Δ is the usual Laplacian on $ℝ^{k}$ . Using some probabilistic techniques (e.g., skew-product formulas for diffusions on S and N respectively)...

On the nilpotent residuals of all subalgebras of Lie algebras

Wei Meng, Hailou Yao (2018)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $𝒩$ denote the class of nilpotent Lie algebras. For any finite-dimensional Lie algebra $L$ over an arbitrary field $𝔽$ , there exists a smallest ideal $I$ of $L$ such that $L / I \in 𝒩$ . This uniquely determined ideal of $L$ is called the nilpotent residual of $L$ and is denoted by $L^{𝒩}$ . In this paper, we define the subalgebra $S (L) = ⋂_{H \leq L} I_{L} (H^{𝒩})$ . Set $S_{0} (L) = 0$ . Define $S_{i + 1} (L) / S_{i} (L) = S (L / S_{i} (L))$ for $i \geq 1$ . By $S_{\infty} (L)$ denote the terminal term of the ascending series. It is proved that $L = S_{\infty} (L)$ if and only if $L^{𝒩}$ is nilpotent. In addition, we investigate the basic properties of a...

Asymptotic behavior of the invariant measure for a diffusion related to an NA group

Ewa Damek, Andrzej Hulanicki (2006)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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On a Lie group NA that is a split extension of a nilpotent Lie group N by a one-parameter group of automorphisms A, the heat semigroup $μ_{t}$ generated by a second order subelliptic left-invariant operator $\sum_{j = 0}^{m} Y_{j} + Y$ is considered. Under natural conditions there is a $μ ̌_{t}$ -invariant measure m on N, i.e. $μ ̌_{t} * m = m$ . Precise asymptotics of m at infinity is given for a large class of operators with Y₀,...,Yₘ generating the Lie algebra of S.

Classification of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 9 with 2-dimensional center

Bin Ren, Lin Sheng Zhu (2017)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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A Lie algebra $L$ is called 2-step nilpotent if $L$ is not abelian and $[L, L]$ lies in the center of $L$ . 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras are useful in the study of some geometric problems, and their classification has been an important problem in Lie theory. In this paper, we give a classification of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 9 with 2-dimensional center.

Subalgebra of $L_{1} (G)$ associated with Laplacian on a Lie group

A. Hulanicki (1974)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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$𝒟_{n, r}$ is not potentially nilpotent for $n \geq 4 r - 2$

Yan Ling Shao, Yubin Gao, Wei Gao (2016)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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An $n \times n$ sign pattern $𝒜$ is said to be potentially nilpotent if there exists a nilpotent real matrix $B$ with the same sign pattern as $𝒜$ . Let $𝒟_{n, r}$ be an $n \times n$ sign pattern with $2 \leq r \leq n$ such that the superdiagonal and the $(n, n)$ entries are positive, the $(i, 1)$ $(i = 1, \dots, r)$ and $(i, i - r + 1)$ $(i = r + 1, \dots, n)$ entries are negative, and zeros elsewhere. We prove that for $r \geq 3$ and $n \geq 4 r - 2$ , the sign pattern $𝒟_{n, r}$ is not potentially nilpotent, and so not spectrally arbitrary.

Partial differential equations in Banach spaces involving nilpotent linear operators

Antonia Chinnì, Paolo Cubiotti (1996)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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Let E be a Banach space. We consider a Cauchy problem of the type ⎧ $D_{t}^{k} u + \sum_{j = 0}^{k - 1} \sum_{| α | \leq m} A_{j, α} (D_{t}^{j} D_{x}^{α} u) = f$ in $ℝ^{n + 1}$ , ⎨ ⎩ $D_{t}^{j} u (0, x) = φ_{j} (x)$ in $ℝ^{n}$ , j=0,...,k-1, where each $A_{j, α}$ is a given continuous linear operator from E into itself. We prove that if the operators $A_{j, α}$ are nilpotent and pairwise commuting, then the problem is well-posed in the space of all functions $u \in C^{\infty} (ℝ^{n + 1}, E)$ whose derivatives are equi-bounded on each bounded subset of $ℝ^{n + 1}$ .

Note on the variance of the sum of Gaussian functionals

Marek Beśka (2010)

Applicationes Mathematicae

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Let $(X_{i}, i = 1, 2, . . .)$ be a Gaussian sequence with $X_{i} \in N (0, 1)$ for each i and suppose its correlation matrix $R = {(ρ_{i j})}_{i, j \geq 1}$ is the matrix of some linear operator R:l₂→ l₂. Then for $f_{i} \in L ² (μ)$ , i=1,2,..., where μ is the standard normal distribution, we estimate the variation of the sum of the Gaussian functionals $f_{i} (X_{i})$ , i=1,2,... .

Local superderivations on Lie superalgebra $𝔮 (n)$

Haixian Chen, Ying Wang (2018)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $𝔮 (n)$ be a simple strange Lie superalgebra over the complex field $ℂ$ . In a paper by A. Ayupov, K. Kudaybergenov (2016), the authors studied the local derivations on semi-simple Lie algebras over $ℂ$ and showed the difference between the properties of local derivations on semi-simple and nilpotent Lie algebras. We know that Lie superalgebras are a generalization of Lie algebras and the properties of some Lie superalgebras are similar to those of semi-simple Lie algebras, but $𝔭 (n)$ is an exception....

One-parameter contractions of Lie-Poisson brackets

Oksana Yakimova (2014)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We consider contractions of Lie and Poisson algebras and the behaviour of their centres under contractions. A polynomial Poisson algebra $𝒜 = 𝕂 [𝔸^{n}]$ is said to be of Kostant type, if its centre $Z (𝒜)$ is freely generated by homogeneous polynomials $F_{1}, ..., F_{r}$ such that they give Kostant’s regularity criterion on $𝔸^{n} (d_{x} F_{i}$ are linear independent if and only if the Poisson tensor has the maximal rank at $x$ ). If the initial Poisson algebra is of Kostant type and $F_{i}$ satisfy a certain degree-equality, then the contraction...

The groups of automorphisms of the Witt $W_{n}$ and Virasoro Lie algebras

Vladimir V. Bavula (2016)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $L_{n} = K [x_{1}^{\pm 1}, ..., x_{n}^{\pm 1}]$ be a Laurent polynomial algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, $W_{n} : = {Der}_{K} (L_{n})$ the Lie algebra of $K$ -derivations of the algebra $L_{n}$ , the so-called Witt Lie algebra, and let $Vir$ be the Virasoro Lie algebra which is a $1$ -dimensional central extension of the Witt Lie algebra. The Lie algebras $W_{n}$ and $Vir$ are infinite dimensional Lie algebras. We prove that the following isomorphisms of the groups of Lie algebra automorphisms hold: ${Aut}_{Lie} (Vir) ≃ {Aut}_{Lie} (W_{1}) ≃ {\pm 1} ⋉ K^{*}$ , and give a short proof that ${Aut}_{Lie} (W_{n}) ≃ {Aut}_{K - alg} (L_{n}) ≃ {GL}_{n} (ℤ) ⋉ K^{* n}$ .

Retracts that are kernels of locally nilpotent derivations

Dayan Liu, Xiaosong Sun (2022)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $k$ be a field of characteristic zero and $B$ a $k$ -domain. Let $R$ be a retract of $B$ being the kernel of a locally nilpotent derivation of $B$ . We show that if $B = R \oplus I$ for some principal ideal $I$ (in particular, if $B$ is a UFD), then $B = R^{[1]}$ , i.e., $B$ is a polynomial algebra over $R$ in one variable. It is natural to ask that, if a retract $R$ of a $k$ -UFD $B$ is the kernel of two commuting locally nilpotent derivations of $B$ , then does it follow that $B ≅ R^{[2]}$ ? We give a negative answer to this question. The interest in...

SCAP-subalgebras of Lie algebras

Sara Chehrazi, Ali Reza Salemkar (2016)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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A subalgebra $H$ of a finite dimensional Lie algebra $L$ is said to be a $SCAP$ -subalgebra if there is a chief series $0 = L_{0} \subset L_{1} \subset ... \subset L_{t} = L$ of $L$ such that for every $i = 1, 2, ..., t$ , we have $H + L_{i} = H + L_{i - 1}$ or $H \cap L_{i} = H \cap L_{i - 1}$ . This is analogous to the concept of $SCAP$ -subgroup, which has been studied by a number of authors. In this article, we investigate the connection between the structure of a Lie algebra and its $SCAP$ -subalgebras and give some sufficient conditions for a Lie algebra to be solvable or supersolvable.

Gebelein's inequality and its consequences

M. Beśka, Z. Ciesielski (2006)

Banach Center Publications

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Let $(X_{i}, i = 1, 2, . . .)$ be the normalized gaussian system such that $X_{i} \in N (0, 1)$ , i = 1,2,... and let the correlation matrix $ρ_{i j} = E (X_{i} X_{j})$ satisfy the following hypothesis: $C = s u p_{i \geq 1} \sum_{j = 1}^{\infty} | ρ_{i, j} | < \infty$ . We present Gebelein’s inequality and some of its consequences: Borel-Cantelli type lemma, iterated log law, Levy’s norm for the gaussian sequence etc. The main result is that (f(X₁) + ⋯ + f(Xₙ))/n → 0 a.s. for f ∈ L¹(ν) with (f,1)ν = 0.

On some properties of the upper central series in Leibniz algebras

Leonid A. Kurdachenko, Javier Otal, Igor Ya. Subbotin (2019)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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This article discusses the Leibniz algebras whose upper hypercenter has finite codimension. It is proved that such an algebra $L$ includes a finite dimensional ideal $K$ such that the factor-algebra $L / K$ is hypercentral. This result is an extension to the Leibniz algebra of the corresponding result obtained earlier for Lie algebras. It is also analogous to the corresponding results obtained for groups and modules.

A property which ensures that a finitely generated hyper-(Abelian-by-finite) group is finite-by-nilpotent

Fares Gherbi, Nadir Trabelsi (2024)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $𝔐$ be the class of groups satisfying the minimal condition on normal subgroups and let $Ω$ be the class of groups of finite lower central depth, that is groups $G$ such that $γ_{i} (G) = γ_{i + 1} (G)$ for some positive integer $i$ . The main result states that if $G$ is a finitely generated hyper-(Abelian-by-finite) group such that for every $x \in G$ , there exists a normal subgroup $H_{x}$ of finite index in $G$ satisfying $〈 x, x^{h} 〉 \in 𝔐 Ω$ for every $h \in H_{x}$ , then $G$ is finite-by-nilpotent. As a consequence of this result, we prove that a finitely generated...