Displaying similar documents to “O ilości nierównoważnych metryk”

Iterations of homographic functions and recurrence equations involving a homographic function

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2015)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The formulas for the m-th iterate ( m ∈ N ) of an arbitrary homographicfunction H are determined and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a solution ofthe equation y m + 1 = H ( y m ) , m ∈ N to be an infinite n-periodic sequence are given. Based on the results from this paper one can easily determine some particular solutionsof the Babbage functional equation

Propozycja wyzwalania twórczości matematycznej studentów przy pomocy pewnej nierówności funkcyjnej

Edyta Fiduk, Stanisław Siudut (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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T. Szostok and Sz. Wąsowicz in (Szostok, Wąsowicz, 2011) studied the following functional inequality: | F y - F x - y - x f x + y 2 | ≤ ε stemming from the Lagrange mean value theorem. They proved that the functon f is affine, provided f , F : ℝ → ℝ satisfy the above inequality for all x , y ∈ ℝ . The aim of our paper is to extend the results of (Szostok, Wąsowicz, 2011) to more general situations (for example, we change ℝ to ℂ or ℍ ) .

O liczbach ujemnych z perspektywy historycznej i dydaktycznej

Piotr Błaszczyk, Mirosława Sajka (2017)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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We identify two ways of introducing negative numbers. In the first one, a totally ordered set (L, ≺ ) is presupposed, an element 0 in L is arbitrarily taken, and a number a is negative when a 0. In the second one, a negative number is defined by the formula a + (−a) = 0. From a mathematical perspective, the first method involves the idea of a totally ordered group (G,+, 0,<), while the second one considers the idea of the algebraic group (G,+, 0) alone. Through the analysis of source...

Kilka uogólnień reguł pewnej gry strategicznej

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In the paper a set of strategy games is presented. It is shown how the “manipulative” developing of the winning strategy of a known and simple game can lead to conceptual reasoning based on reduction; then it is suggested how to formalise and generalise such a game, similar games and the procedure of finding the winning strategy.

Rola portów morskich w rozwoju cruisingu na Karaibach

Renata Rettinger, Anna Urbańska (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Sea tourism brings huge profits to the Caribbean. The cruise market is set mainly for tourists coming from North America. Low travel costs, high income and the long-lasting tradition of sailing excursions are the main reasons. More and more European tourists can also be seen in the Caribbean thanks to numerous air connections. The cruise routes follow the most attractive ports. The ongoing competition causes the increase of quality of passenger’s service and goods. The investment of...

High School Identities

Katarzyna Słomczyńska (2015)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In 1969, Polish mathematician and logician, Alfred Tarski asked ifall the identities true in the set of natural numbers involving the constant 1,addition, multiplication, and exponentiation can be derived from the elevenaxioms that are taught at the high school level (High School Identities). In1981 Alex Wilkie negatively solved this problem by constructing an identitythat cannot be proved using these axioms. In this paper we survey resultsconnected with Tarski’s problem.

Antropopresja turystyki wysokogórskiej na przykładzie Kilimandżaro

Michał Apollo (2010)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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This article outlines the negative impact on the environment of the Kilimanjaro Mountain which is a result of commercial approach to mountaineering and change of the climber’s profile. Kilimanjaro, which was called “trampled mountain” in the years 1977–2007, has been visited by 627,974 tourists. The National Park of Kilimanjaro pocketed 25.7 millions USD from admission fees in 2006 only. Officials of the Park are more interested in the commercial aspect than the environmental one. A...

Jak bardzo przemienna może być grupa nieprzemienna?

Katarzyna Słomczyńska (2017)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this paper we survey, also in historical perspective, the results connected with the notion of the commutativity degree of a finite group, i.e., the probability that two randomly selected elements of the group commute.

Gry miejskie jako innowacyjne produkty turystyczne

Witold Warcholik, Konrad Leja (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Urban games and other forms of field games, such as Questing, are innovative ideas for presentation, disclosure and interpretation of natural and cultural heritage. The results of the survey presented in the study show that soon urban games can become an alternative to a traditional guided sightseeing of an urban area. There may be several reasons for such a choice: an interesting way of exploring a city, aspects of play and physical activity, better memorization of information, as well...

Symbolika matematyczna związana z pojęciem funkcji

Izabela Jóźwik, Małgorzata Terepeta (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Mathematical texts are characterised by the occurrence of specificsymbols. They may be letters (as applied, for example, by Euclid), numbersymbols or graphic signs with context-independent meaning. Mathematicalsymbols store knowledge of previous generations that provides frameworkswith which to examine history of mathematical problems. In this paper, wedeal with symbols related to the concept of function and related concepts likelimit, and some other set theoretical or logical concepts....

Fixed-point theorems for multi-valued functions and their applications to functional equations

Roman Węgrzyk

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IntroductionIn this paper we present some fixed point theorems for multi-valued functions (m.v. functions for short), generalizing well-known results (Chapter 2).Next, in Chapter 3, we consider continuous solutions of equation (3.1). First we characterize the continuous solutions of this equation, and then we give some theorems on extending continuous solutions.Chapter 4 contains theorems on the existence of continuous solutions when this equation is of order n, i.e. if the set of indices...

Atrakcyjność turystyczna regionów na przykładzie Francji

Sławomir Dorocki, Małgorzata Zdon-Korzeniowska, Anna Delekta (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Technological and economic transformation of the past few decades resulted in a significant re-evaluation of the factors affecting the location of economic activity. General trend in these changes is the declining importance of the so-called “hard factors”, “cost factors” (such as transport costs, labour costs and the amount of taxes), as opposed to the so-called “soft factors”; special emphasis among these factors is placed on human capital. An important aspect of the human factor in...

Z badań nad trudnościami studentów w rozumieniu pojęcia miary i całki

Zbigniew Powązka (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Measurement is an important form of human activity. It appears at all levels of secondary school education, while discussing the length of a segment, the area of a plane figure and the volume of a solid. The definition of a measure, understood as a non-negative real function defined on a σ-field of set of a space, is taught during the classes on mathematical analysis. It is observed that the concept of measurement causes great difficulties to students. This paper presents the results...

Dekadencja geografii i zapomniane idee Wacława Nałkowskiego

Jacek May (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The article is inspired by Wacław Nałkowski’s writings and is a reflection on the nature of geography and its place in the system of knowledge. Moreover, the author considers the status of geography and its social relevance. The article seeks to justify the thesis that the low prestige of geography in social consciousness is an outcome of the attitudes of scholars and teachers of geography themselves, the media propaganda and also the state policy. The main objective of the paper is...

Aktywności matematyczne studentów inspirowane grami Penneya

Maciej Major, Barbara Nawolska (2006)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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This paper proposes a way to adapt theories of countable probabilistic spaces in order to use them to educate mathematical students trained to be teachers. It presents many examples of how to develop students’ mathematical activities using stochastic games called Penney games. Introducing chance games delivers the opportunity of creating and examining probabilistic spaces. The fairness of games is a problem that inspires and motivates mathematicians to formulate problems and tasks of...

Náměty na globální rozvojové vzdělávání dětí mladšího školního věku

Petra Karvánková, Dagmar Popjaková, Vlasta Kovaříková (2014)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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This paper initially deals with the origins of the idea of global education. It points to the multitude of internationally existing concepts and business terms of global education which makes it difficult to implement the global dimension into real-life education. This “international” multitude is, as a result, obvious in the Czech terminology of global development education (GRV in the Czech text) where it originates as particular authors followed one or the other concept of global...

Wstęp do teorii funkcji rzeczywistych

Stefan Banach

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SPIS RZECZY PRZEDMOWA...................... III WSTĘP. Liczby rzeczywiste...... 1 1. Aksjomaty i definicje. 2. Zbiory liniowe. 3. Liczby nieskończone. ROZDZIAŁ I. Teoria zbiorów § 1. Algebra zbiorów....... 4 1. Działania na zbiorach. 2. Działania nieskończone. 3. Znakowanie logiczne. 4. Produkt zbiorów. Funkcje zdaniowe wielu zmiennych. 5. Interpretacja geometryczna kwantora. § 2. Odwzorowania zbiorów, pojęcie ciągu, produkt nieskończony zbiorów...... 14 1. Odwzorowanie (funkcja). 2....

Walory turystyczne wybranych regionów Spitsbergenu

Piotr Dolnicki, Łukasz Gawor (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The paper presents different attractions of Spitsbergen: geological, geomorphological and glaciological objects and processes, as well as industrial sites especially connected with coalmining, which constitute the group of geotourist attractions in Hornsund, Isfjorden and North East Land. It also describes logistic and infrastructure conditions in Svalbard. The evaluation of possibilities to develop geotourism in Spitsbergen is included as well.

Innowacyjność w hotelarstwie z uwzględnieniem adaptacji obiektów zabytkowych na bazę noclegową

Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Nowadays, tourism is a crucial sector of national economy, and for many countries and regions it is one of the goals of economic activity, at the same time being a means of social and economic revival. Therefore, in order to professionally present the tourist potential and offer, and to attract tourists, tourist products should be organized, promoted and introduced in a relevant way. It is necessary to bear in mind that tourism is a service sector, a sector in which different kinds of...

Nauka i ewolucja w myśli Wacława Nałkowskiego

Mateusz Wierciński (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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Wacław Nałkowski is certainly an outstanding figure for Polish geography. In many publications he has also been classified as positivist, anti-metaphysician, evolutionist, anticleric and socialist. Perhaps these designations are not always right, since in his works one can also find the ideas that do not quite match the labels conferred. His broad interests, diligence, criticism in selecting arguments, and the ability to see the essence of complex phenomena of different nature (both...

Teoretyczne i dydaktyczne aspekty nauczania o największym wspólnym dzielniku i najmniejszej wspólnej wielokrotności w zbiorze liczb naturalnych

Antoni Chronowski (2006)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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This article contains a collection of didactic ideas concerning teaching the elementary arithmetic. Although they are firmly based on abstract mathematics, they can be realized at different levels of teaching school mathematics. The source of these didactic propositions is the fact that using the set of natural numbers and suitable relations it is possible to construct the models of structures which are called lattices. In this paper we consider the two models of lattices: the lattice...

Kompetencje geometryczne nauczycieli matematyki

Monika Czajkowska (2016)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Practice proves that students tend to face difficulties in learninggeometry. This observation is partially confirmed by the results of educationalresearch as well as external exams. It happens repeatedly that studentsget lower marks in arithmetic or algebra tasks. The causes of such situationare complex. One of the reasons is that teaching geometry requires specialteaching skills characteristic for this specific teaching branch as well as theneed for “specific vision”. Therefore, I decided...

O elementach logiki erotetycznej w edukacji matematycznej

Tadeusz Rams (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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Asking questions is one of the most common activities of mathematics teachers at various levels of education. Moreover, the way the teachers formulate questions has profound impact on the results of teaching, especially on their pupils' reasoning process. Erotetic logic is frequently presented in a very formal manner. In this paper, we restrict our attention to these aspects of erotetic logic that can turn it into a useful framework to describe various didactic situations. In particular,...

Different ways of solving quadratic equations

Barbara Pieronkiewicz, James Tanton (2019)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In this paper we explore different ways of solving quadratic equations. Our main goal is to review traditional textbooks methods and offer an alternative, often side-stepped method based on the area model. We conclude that whereas traditional methods offer effective algorithms that quickly lead to the desired results, alternative methods may enhance meaningful and joyful learning.

Idee Wacława Nałkowskiego a współczesna dydaktyka

Elżbieta Szkurłat (2011)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The answer to the question whether teaching of geography nowadays respects the universal ideas of the great geographer, is not clear. A critical look at teaching achievements of Wacław Nałkowski, as well as at the contemporary state of geographical teaching, seems to be difficult due to the individual views and personal experiences. This paper is an attempt to assess the extent to which the important educational concepts of Nałkowski are respected in contemporary educational practice....

Etapy rozwoju osadnictwa zachodniej części Płaskowyżu Nałęczowskiego i ich zapis w osadach dna doliny Bystrej

Jan Reder, Józef Superson, Tadeusz Król (2010)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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The article analyzed the impact of old (prehistoric, medieval) and modern settlement on the nature of the Holocene alluvial sediments at the bottom of the Bystra valley. It was shown that the transition from peat to mineral deposits was the result of Neolithic farming. Nomadic culture of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age have helped to stop the denudation slope sand increasing erosion in the bottom of the river valley. Restarting the denudation in the basin and the beginning of...

Применение методов математической статистики в научных исследованиях

Владимир В. Афанасьев (2012)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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In the paper, the author presents the basic concepts and theorems concerning methods of mathematical statistics and its application in the domain of empirical research. Several examples presented in the paper can be useful as patterns of using statistical tool in didactic research.

Prime counting function π

Jan Górowski, Adam Łomnicki (2013)

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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The aim of this paper is to derive new explicit formulas for thefunction π, where π(x) denotes the number of primes not exceeding x. Some justifications and generalisations of the formulas obtained by Willans (1964),Minac (1991) and Kaddoura and Abdul-Nabi (2012) are also obtained.