Given a topological space ⟨X,T⟩ ∈ M, an elementary submodel of set theory, we define to be X ∩ M with topology generated by U ∩ M:U ∈ T ∩ M. We prove that if is homeomorphic to ℝ, then . The same holds for arbitrary locally compact uncountable separable metric spaces, but is independent of ZFC if “local compactness” is omitted.
We consider four notions of strong inaccessibility that are equivalent in ZFC and show that they are not equivalent in ZF.
In this paper, we define the set of incomparable elements with respect to the triangular order for any t-norm on a bounded lattice. By means of the triangular order, an equivalence relation on the class of t-norms on a bounded lattice is defined and this equivalence is deeply investigated. Finally, we discuss some properties of this equivalence.
We answer several questions of D. Monk by showing that every maximal family of pairwise incomparable elements of 𝒫(ω)/fin has size continuum, while it is consistent with the negation of the Continuum Hypothesis that there are maximal subtrees of both 𝒫(ω) and 𝒫(ω)/fin of size ω₁.
A Banach space contains either a minimal subspace or a continuum of incomparable subspaces. General structure results for analytic equivalence relations are applied in the context of Banach spaces to show that if E₀ does not reduce to isomorphism of the subspaces of a space, in particular, if the subspaces of the space admit a classification up to isomorphism by real numbers, then any subspace with an unconditional basis is isomorphic to its square and hyperplanes, and the unconditional basis has...
Foreman (2013) proved a Duality Theorem which gives an algebraic characterization of certain ideal quotients in generic extensions. As an application he proved that generic supercompactness of ω₁ is preserved by any proper forcing. We generalize portions of Foreman's Duality Theorem to the context of generic extender embeddings and ideal extenders (as introduced by Claverie (2010)). As an application we prove that if ω₁ is generically strong, then it remains so after adding any number of Cohen subsets...
We show the relative consistency of the existence of two strongly compact cardinals κ₁ and κ₂ which exhibit indestructibility properties for their strong compactness, together with level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holding at all measurable cardinals except for κ₁. In the model constructed, κ₁'s strong compactness is indestructible under arbitrary κ₁-directed closed forcing, κ₁ is a limit of measurable cardinals, κ₂'s strong compactness is indestructible...
We construct a model in which there is a strong cardinal κ whose strongness is indestructible under κ-strategically closed forcing and in which level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holds non-trivially.
We show that if a colouring c establishes ω₂ ↛ [(ω₁:ω)]² then c establishes this negative partition relation in each Cohen-generic extension of the ground model, i.e. this property of c is Cohen-indestructible. This result yields a negative answer to a question of Erdős and Hajnal: it is consistent that GCH holds and there is a colouring c:[ω₂]² → 2 establishing ω₂ ↛ [(ω₁:ω)]₂ such that some colouring g:[ω₁]² → 2 does not embed into c. It is also consistent that is arbitrarily large, and there...
We construct a model for the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness with an arbitrary large cardinal structure in which the least supercompact cardinal κ has its strong compactness indestructible under κ-directed closed forcing. This is in analogy to and generalizes the author's result in Arch. Math. Logic 46 (2007), but without the restriction that no cardinal is supercompact up to an inaccessible cardinal.
We study infinite asymptotic games in Banach spaces with a finite-dimensional decomposition (F.D.D.) and prove that analytic games are determined by characterising precisely the conditions for the players to have winning strategies. These results are applied to characterise spaces embeddable into sums of finite dimensional spaces, extending results of Odell and Schlumprecht, and to study various notions of homogeneity of bases and Banach spaces. The results are related to questions of rapidity...
The information boundedness principle requires that the knowledge obtained as a result of an inference process should not have more information than that contained in the consequent of the rule. From this point of view relevancy transformation operators as a generalization of implications are investigated.
This paper deals with the concept of the “size“ or “extent“ of the information in the sense of measuring the improvement of our knowledge after obtaining a message. Standard approaches are based on the probabilistic parameters of the considered information source. Here we deal with situations when the unknown probabilities are subjectively or vaguely estimated. For the considered fuzzy quantities valued probabilities we introduce and discuss information theoretical concepts.
The structures of the fuzzy information theory are focused on the concept of fuzzy entropy, where the individual information of symbols is considered only implicitely. This paper aims to fill this gap and to study the concepts of fuzzy information. Special attention is paid to the typical fuzzy set theoretical paradigma of monotonicity of operations.