We investigate the structure of the Tukey ordering among directed orders arising naturally in topology and measure theory.

We show that the minimum chromatic number of a product of two $n$-chromatic graphs is either bounded by 9, or tends to infinity. The result is obtained by the study of coloring iterated adjoints of a digraph by iterated antichains of a poset.

Si descrive un metodo generale mediante il quale associare in modo naturale spazi topologici ad insiemi parzialmente ordinati e funzioni continue afunzioni monotone tra di essi; questa associazione è chiaramente la chiave di volta per fondare l’utilizzo di metodi topologici nella teoria combinatoria degli insiemi parzialmente ordinati. Si discutono quindi alcuni criteri di contraibilità e si presenta una breve introduzione alla teoria dei «poset Cohen-Macaulay». Il lavoro si conclude con una sezione...

In this paper we investigate the problem of finding an explicit element whose toric residue is equal to one. Such an element is shown to exist if and only if the associated polytopes are essential. We reduce the problem to finding a collection of partitions of the lattice points in the polytopes satisfying a certain combinatorial property. We use this description to solve the problem when $n=2$ and for any $n$ when the polytopes of the divisors share a complete flag of faces. The latter generalizes earlier...

We study commutative directoids with a greatest element, which can be equipped with antitone bijections in every principal filter. These can be axiomatized as algebras with two binary operations satisfying four identities. A minimal subvariety of this variety is described.

It is well known that the linear extension majority (LEM) relation of a poset of size $n\ge 9$ can contain cycles. In this paper we are interested in obtaining minimum cutting levels ${\alpha }_m$ such that the crisp relation obtained from the mutual rank probability relation by setting to $0$ its elements smaller than or equal to ${\alpha }_m$, and to $1$ its other elements, is free from cycles of length $m$. In a first part, theoretical upper bounds for ${\alpha }_m$ are derived using known transitivity properties of the mutual rank probability...

A definition of finiteness is a set-theoretical property of a set that, if the Axiom of Choice (AC) is assumed, is equivalent to stating that the set is finite; several such definitions have been studied over the years. In this article we introduce a framework for generating definitions of finiteness in a systematical way: basic definitions are obtained from properties of certain classes of binary relations, and further definitions are obtained from the basic ones by closing them under subsets...

L’albero binario (libero) è una struttura analoga a quella dei numeri naturali (standard), salvo che ci sono due operazioni di successivo. Nello studio degli alberi binari non standard, si ha bisogno di strutture ordinate che stiano a quella di albero binario libero come la struttura (ordinata) Z sta ad N. Si introducono perciò i clan binari e se ne studiano le classi di isomorfismo. Si dimostra che esse sono determinate dalle classi di similitudine delle successioni numerabili di 2 elementi, avendo...

Let $S=\{x_1,\cdots ,x_n\}$ be a finite subset of a partially ordered set $P$. Let $f$ be an incidence function of $P$. Let $\left[f(x_i\wedge x_j)\right]$ denote the $n\times n$ matrix having $f$ evaluated at the meet $x_i\wedge x_j$ of $x_i$ and $x_j$ as its $i,j$-entry and $\left[f(x_i\vee x_j)\right]$ denote the $n\times n$ matrix having $f$ evaluated at the join $x_i\vee x_j$ of $x_i$ and $x_j$ as its $i,j$-entry. The set $S$ is said to be meet-closed if $x_i\wedge x_j\in S$ for all $1\le i,j\le n$. In this paper we get explicit combinatorial formulas for the determinants of matrices $\left[f(x_i\wedge x_j)\right]$ and $\left[f(x_i\vee x_j)\right]$ on any meet-closed set $S$. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the matrices...

For a countable compact metric space and a seminormalized weakly null sequence (fₙ)ₙ in C() we provide some upper bounds for the norm of the vectors in the linear span of a subsequence of (fₙ)ₙ. These bounds depend on the complexity of and also on the sequence (fₙ)ₙ itself. Moreover, we introduce the class of c₀-hierarchies. We prove that for every α < ω₁, every normalized weakly null sequence (fₙ)ₙ in $C\left({\omega }^{{\omega }^{\alpha }}\right)$ and every c₀-hierarchy generated by (fₙ)ₙ, there exists β ≤ α such that a sequence of β-blocks...

A distance between finite partially ordered sets is studied. It is a certain measure of the difference of their structure.