Atkin's theorem on pseudo-squares.
In this paper we introduce a connected topology T on the set ℕ of positive integers whose base consists of all arithmetic progressions connected in Golomb’s topology. It turns out that all arithmetic progressions which are connected in the topology T form a basis for Golomb’s topology. Further we examine connectedness of arithmetic progressions in the division topology T′ on ℕ which was defined by Rizza in 1993. Immediate consequences of these studies are results concerning local connectedness of...
Hasse showed the existence and computed the Dirichlet density of the set of primes for which the order of is odd; it is . Here we mimic successfully Hasse’s method to compute the density of monic irreducibles in for which the order of is odd. But on the way, we are also led to a new and elementary proof of these densities. More observations are made, and averages are considered, in particular, an average of the ’s as varies through all rational primes.
The set of all divisors of , ordered according to increasing magnitude, is considered, and an upper bound on the gaps between consecutive ones is obtained. We are especially interested in the divisors nearest and obtain a lower bound on their distance.
We study the gaps between primes in Beatty sequences following the methods in the recent breakthrough by Maynard (2015).