Solvability of 𝔭-adic diagonal equations
Let f ∈ ℚ [X] be a polynomial without multiple roots and with deg(f) ≥ 2. We give conditions for f(X) = AX² + BX + C such that the Diophantine equation f(x)f(y) = f(z)² has infinitely many nontrivial integer solutions and prove that this equation has a rational parametric solution for infinitely many irreducible cubic polynomials. Moreover, we consider f(x)f(y) = f(z)² for quartic polynomials.
We give non-trivial upper bounds for the number of integral solutions, of given size, of a system of two quadratic form equations in five variables.
Each of the Diophantine equations has an infinite number of integral solutions for any positive integer . In this paper, we will show how the method of infinite ascent could be applied to generate these solutions. We will investigate the conditions when , and are pair-wise co-prime. As a side result of this investigation, we will show a method of generating an infinite number of co-prime integral solutions of the Diophantine equation for any co-prime integer pair .
We consider some variations on the classical method of Runge for effectively determining integral points on certain curves. We first prove a version of Runge’s theorem valid for higher-dimensional varieties, generalizing a uniform version of Runge’s theorem due to Bombieri. We then take up the study of how Runge’s method may be expanded by taking advantage of certain coverings. We prove both a result for arbitrary curves and a more explicit result for superelliptic curves. As an application of our...