Via representation of vertex-transitive graphs on groupoids, we show that left loops with units are factors of groups, i.e., left loops are transversals of left cosets on which it is possible to define a binary operation which allows left cancellation.
The structure of automorphisms of planar lattices is analyzed.
We prove that if the Walsh bipartite map of a regular oriented hypermap is also orientably regular then both and have the same chirality group, the covering core of (the smallest regular map covering ) is the Walsh bipartite map of the covering core of and the closure cover of (the greatest regular map covered by ) is the Walsh bipartite map of the closure cover of . We apply these results to the family of toroidal chiral hypermaps induced by the family of toroidal bipartite maps...
We investigate the situation that the inner mapping group of a loop is of order which is a product of two small prime numbers and we show that then the loop is soluble.
We classify up to topological type nonorientable bordered Klein surfaces with maximal symmetry and soluble automorphism group provided its solubility degree does not exceed 4. Using this classification we show that a soluble group of automorphisms of a nonorientable Riemann surface of algebraic genus q ≥ 2 has at most 24(q-1) elements and that this bound is sharp for infinitely many values of q.