Some New Examples of Gibbs Measures.
Over fifty years ago, Irving Segal proved a theorem which leads to a characterization of those orthogonal transformations on a Hilbert space which induce ergodic transformations. Because Segal did not present his result in a way which made it readily accessible to specialists in ergodic theory, it was difficult for them to appreciate what he had done. The purpose of this note is to state and prove Segal's result in a way which, I hope, will win it the recognition which it deserves.
Let S and T be automorphisms of a standard Borel probability space. Some ergodic and spectral consequences of the equation ST = T²S are given for T ergodic and also when Tⁿ = I for some n>2. These ideas are used to construct examples of ergodic automorphisms S with oscillating maximal spectral multiplicity function. Other examples illustrating the theory are given, including Gaussian automorphisms having simple spectra and conjugate to their squares.
Applying methods of harmonic analysis we give a simple proof of the multidimensional version of the Rokhlin-Sinaǐ theorem which states that a Kolmogorov -action on a Lebesgue space has a countable Lebesgue spectrum. At the same time we extend this theorem to -actions. Next, using its relative version, we extend to -actions some other general results connecting spectrum and entropy.
In a stationary ergodic process, clustering is defined as the tendency of events to appear in series of increased frequency separated by longer breaks. Such behavior, contradicting the theoretical “unbiased behavior” with exponential distribution of the gaps between appearances, is commonly observed in experimental processes and often difficult to explain. In the last section we relate one such empirical example of clustering, in the area of marine technology. In the theoretical part of the paper...
For any continuous map f: M → M on a compact manifold M, we define SRB-like (or observable) probabilities as a generalization of Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (i.e. physical) measures. We prove that f always has observable measures, even if SRB measures do not exist. We prove that the definition of observability is optimal, provided that the purpose of the researcher is to describe the asymptotic statistics for Lebesgue almost all initial states. Precisely, the never empty set of all observable measures is...
Let E be an ergodic endomorphism of the Lebesgue probability space X, ℱ, μ. It gives rise to a decreasing sequence of σ-fields A central example is the one-sided shift σ on with product measure. Now let T be an ergodic automorphism of zero entropy on (Y, ν). The [I|T] endomorphismis defined on (X× Y, μ× ν) by . Here ℱ is the σ-field of μ× ν-measurable sets. Each field is a two-point extension of the one beneath it. Vershik has defined as “standard” any decreasing sequence of σ-fields isomorphic...