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We prove a new type of universality theorem for the Riemann zeta-function and other -functions (which are universal in the sense of Voronin’s theorem). In contrast to previous universality theorems for the zeta-function or its various generalizations, here the approximating shifts are taken from the orbit of an ergodic transformation on the real line.
We estimate the essential norm of a weighted composition operator relative to the class of Dunford-Pettis operators or the class of weakly compact operators, on the space of Dirichlet series. As particular cases, we obtain the precise value of the generalized essential norm of a composition operator and of a multiplication operator.
It is well-known that the excursions of a one-dimensional diffusion process can be studied by considering a certain Riccati equation associated with the process. We show that, in many cases of interest, the Riccati equation can be solved in terms of an infinite continued fraction. We examine the probabilistic significance of the expansion. To illustrate our results, we discuss some examples of diffusions in deterministic and in random environments.