We prove that every homogeneous Carnot group can be lifted to a free homogeneous Carnot group. Though following the ideas of Rothschild and Stein, we give simple and self-contained arguments, providing a constructive proof, as shown in the examples.

P. Albano and P. Cannarsa proved in 1999 that, under some applicable conditions, singularities of semiconcave functions in ${ℝ}^n$ propagate along Lipschitz arcs. Further regularity properties of these arcs were proved by P. Cannarsa and Y. Yu in 2009. We prove that, for $n=2$, these arcs are very regular: they can be found in the form (in a suitable Cartesian coordinate system) $\psi \left(x\right)=(x,y_1\left(x\right)-y_2\left(x\right))$, $x\in [0,\alpha ]$, where $y_1$, $y_2$ are convex and Lipschitz on $[0,\alpha ]$. In other words: singularities propagate along arcs with finite turn.

We use the work of Milton, Seppecher, and Bouchitté on variational principles for waves in lossy media to formulate a finite element method for solving the complex Helmholtz equation that is based entirely on minimization. In particular, this method results in a finite element matrix that is symmetric positive-definite and therefore simple iterative descent methods and preconditioning can be used to solve the resulting system of equations. We also derive an error bound for the method and illustrate...

We use the work of Milton, Seppecher, and Bouchitté on variational principles for waves in lossy media to formulate a finite element method for solving the complex Helmholtz equation that is based entirely on minimization. In particular, this method results in a finite element matrix that is symmetric positive-definite and therefore simple iterative descent methods and preconditioning can be used to solve the resulting system of equations. We also derive an error bound for the method and illustrate...

It is shown that the partial differential operator $P\left(D\right)=\partial ⁴/\partial x⁴-\partial ²/\partial y²+i\partial /\partial z:{\Gamma }^d\left(ℝ³\right)\to {\Gamma }^d\left(ℝ³\right)$ is surjective if 1 ≤ d < 2 or d ≥ 6 and not surjective for 2 ≤ d < 6.

We consider the existence of positive solutions of the singular nonlinear semipositone problem of the form $$\left\{\begin{array}{c}-{\mathrm{div}\left(\right|x|}^{-\alpha p}{\left|\nabla u\right|}^{p-2}{\nabla u)=|x|}^{-(\alpha +1)p+\beta }\left(a{u}^{p-1}-f\left(u\right)-{\displaystyle \frac{c}{u^{\gamma }}}\right),x\in \Omega ,\hfill \\ u=0,x\in \partial \Omega ,\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded smooth domain of ${ℝ}^N$ with $0\in \Omega$, $1<p<N$, $0\le \alpha <(N-p)/p$, $\gamma \in (0,1)$, and $a$, $\beta$, $c$ and $\lambda$ are positive parameters. Here $f:[0,\infty )\to ℝ$ is a continuous function. This model arises in the studies of population biology of one species with $u$ representing the concentration of the species. We discuss the existence of a positive solution when $f$ satisfies certain additional conditions. We use the method of sub-supersolutions...

We present a technique for the rapid and reliable prediction of linear-functional outputs of elliptic coercive partial differential equations with affine parameter dependence. The essential components are (i) (provably) rapidly convergent global reduced-basis approximations – Galerkin projection onto a space $W_N$ spanned by solutions of the governing partial differential equation at $N$ selected points in parameter space; (ii) a posteriori error estimation – relaxations of the error-residual equation...

We present a technique for the rapid and reliable prediction of linear-functional outputs of elliptic coercive partial differential equations with affine parameter dependence. The essential components are (i ) (provably) rapidly convergent global reduced-basis approximations – Galerkin projection onto a space WN spanned by solutions of the governing partial differential equation at N selected points in parameter space; (ii ) a posteriori error estimation – relaxations of the error-residual equation...