A Morse theory for annulus-type minimal surfaces.
We are interested in algorithms for constructing surfaces of possibly small measure that separate a given domain into two regions of equal measure. Using the integral formula for the total gradient variation, we show that such separators can be constructed approximatively by means of sign changing eigenfunctions of the -Laplacians, , under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. These eigenfunctions turn out to be limits of steepest descent methods applied to suitable norm quotients.
We prove the existence of a not homotopically trivial minimal sphere in a 3-manifold with boundary, obtained by deleting an open connected subset from a compact Riemannian oriented 3-manifold with boundary, having trivial second homotopy group.
In the first part of this paper, we study the best constant involving the L2 norm in Wente's inequality. We prove that this best constant is universal for any Riemannian surface with boundary, or respectively, for any Riemannian surface without boundary. The second part concerns the study of critical points of the associate energy functional, whose Euler equation corresponds to H-surfaces. We will establish the existence of a non-trivial critical point for a plan domain with small holes.