Two universally applicable smoothing operations adjustable to meet the specific properties of the given smoothing problem are widely used: 1. Smoothing splines and 2. Smoothing digital convolution filters. The first operation is related to the data vector with respect to the operations , and to the smoothing parameter . The resulting function is denoted by . The measured sample is defined on an equally spaced mesh
Two general solutions of the collocation problem of physical geodesy are given. Their mutual equivalency and equivalency of them to the classical solution in the regular case are proved. The regularity means the non-singularity of the covariance matrix of those random variables by outcomes of which the measured values of the gravitational field are generated.
The radial basis function (RBF) approximation is a rapidly developing field of mathematics. In the paper, we are concerned with the measurement of scalar physical quantities at nodes on sphere in the 3D Euclidean space and the spherical RBF interpolation of the data acquired. We employ a multiquadric as the radial basis function and the corresponding trend is a polynomial of degree 2 considered in Cartesian coordinates. Attention is paid to geodesic metrics that define the distance of two points...
The paper suggests a generalization of widely used Holt-Winters smoothing and forecasting method for seasonal time series. The general concept of seasonality modeling is introduced both for the additive and multiplicative case. Several special cases are discussed, including a linear interpolation of seasonal indices and a usage of trigonometric functions. Both methods are fully applicable for time series with irregularly observed data (just the special case of missing observations was covered up...